Impressionistic criticism

Japanese: 印象批評 - いんしょうひひょう(英語表記)impressionistic criticism
Impressionistic criticism

Criticism evaluates artworks based on the impression or emotion they have on the sensibility or intellect of each critic. This is a method of criticism used from the late 19th century to the 20th century, and in contrast to the 18th century criticism of Aristotle's Poetics and Horace's Discourse on Poetics, which were too strict in their adherence to rules, this criticism emphasizes individual imagination and sensibility. However, this is not a frivolous, arbitrary, or spontaneous criticism, but a self-judgment based on long-term philosophical and aesthetic thought and exposure to many works. In France, this criticism was made by Sainte-Beuve and Anatole France, and in England by Coleridge, Hazlitt, Matthew Arnold, and others, and was perfected by Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde, especially with the aestheticism and impressionism of painting at the end of the century. The 20th century's "New Criticism" is a scientist counterpoint to this, but the position that emphasizes the critic's subjective impressions remains influential; in Japan, an excellent example of this can be seen in the criticism of Kobayashi Hideo.

[Hideo Funato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

芸術作品が個々の批評家の感性や知性に与えた印象または感動によって評価する批評。これは19世紀後半から20世紀にかけて行われた批評方法であり、アリストテレスの『詩学』、ホラティウスの『詩論』としてその系譜に属する18世紀の批評があまりにも方則を厳守する態度であったのに対して、個性的な想像力や感性を重視した批評である。とはいっても軽薄な恣意(しい)的、思い付き的な批評ではなく、哲学的、審美的思考を長く続けたうえでの、また多くの作品に触れたうえでの自己裁断であって、フランスではサント・ブーブ、アナトール・フランス、イギリスではコールリッジ、ハズリット、マシュー・アーノルドなどによる批評がそれであり、とりわけ世紀末における唯美主義、絵画の印象主義などによってウォルター・ペイターやオスカー・ワイルドに完成をみた。20世紀の「新批評」はこれに対する科学主義だが、批評家の主観的印象を重視するこの立場は依然有力であり、日本では小林秀雄の批評にその優れた例をみる。

[船戸英夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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