Kakko - Bracket

Japanese: 羯鼓 - かっこ

(1) Chinese and Japanese membranophonic instrument. Also written as kakko. It has a body that bulges slightly in the middle. It is placed horizontally on a stand in front of the player, and two long sticks are used to strike the body of the instrument, with two pieces of skin that have already been stretched over a round frame, tied with strings, in the same way as a drum. The Japanese kakko has a body diameter of about 15 cm, a length of about 30 cm, and a diameter of the skin surface stretched over the frame of about 24 cm. (a) The Chinese name kakko is thought to come from the Tibetan kakko people, and it was widely used until around the 12th century in the Hu music that was imported from Kucha, Kashgar, Samarkand, and northern India. (b) In Japanese gagaku, it was first used in Tang music during the Nara period, but in the Heian period it became the leading percussion instrument in the orchestra, and has remained so to this day. It is characterized by a tremolo technique played with both hands or only the right stick. It has also been adapted for use as an instrument in the on-bayashi music of Kabuki. (2) One of the Noh dances It is thought to have been influenced by the folk art of taiko drum dancing. It refers to a dance and music performed in plays such as "Kagetsu" in which actors wear kakko-like protruding drums on their chests, accompanied by light music played on the flute, small drum, and large drum. In Kyogen, there is a separate dance and music called "Kyogen kakko." (3) It is a small model of the Noh and Kabuki props (1), but is used by attaching it to the front of the body during dancing.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(1) 中国，日本の膜鳴楽器　「鞨鼓」とも書く。中央がややふくらんだ胴をもつ。奏者の前に横向きに台に載せて置き，2本の長い桴 (ばち) で，鼓と同じように，あらかじめ丸枠に張ってある2枚の皮を紐で締めて胴に当て，その両皮面を打奏する。日本の羯鼓では胴の直径約 15cm，長さ約 30cm，枠に張った皮面の直径約 24cmである。 (a) 羯鼓という中国名はチベット系の羯人に由来するものと考えられ，クチャ，カシュガル，サマルカンド，北インドなどから輸入された胡楽のなかで，12世紀頃まで広く用いられた。 (b) 日本の雅楽では，まず奈良時代に唐楽のなかで用いられたが，平安時代になると管弦の主導的な打楽器として位置づけられ，現在にいたっている。両手あるいは右桴だけによるトレモロ奏法に特徴がある。そのほか，歌舞伎の陰囃子の楽器に転用されている。 (2) 能の舞事の一つ　民俗芸能の太鼓踊りなどの影響を受けたと考えられる。笛，小鼓，大鼓による軽快な囃子によって，『花月』などで胸に羯鼓の作り物をつけた役者が舞う舞およびその囃子をいう。狂言では，『狂言羯鼓』という別の舞と囃子がある。 (3) 能および歌舞伎の小道具 (1) を模した小型のものであるが，舞のときなどに，からだの前につけて用いたりする。

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