White wax scale

Japanese: イボタロウムシ - いぼたろうむし(英語表記)white wax scale
White wax scale

An insect belonging to the order Hemiptera and the family Coccidae. It is also called the Ibotaro scale insect or Ibotarokata scale insect. It is widely distributed throughout Japan from Honshu southwards, as well as in China and Europe. When mature, females are almost spherical and about 10 mm in diameter. Their body color is greenish-brown with scattered small black spots. As larvae, males live in colonies on branches and secrete a white waxy substance, which covers the insect's body and the branch. They pupate in this wax lump, and when they emerge as adults, they are 3 mm long and have thin, transparent wings. They emerge once a year and overwinter as adults. They lay several thousand eggs around May, which hatch in June. They parasitize and cause damage mainly to garden trees such as holly, Japanese holly, ash, and Chinese holly. Generally, outbreaks are not common, but sometimes they can occur in large numbers. The wax blocks secreted by males have long been called "tosuberi" or "ibota-ro (insect white wax)" and have been used for candles, the exterior packaging of pills, to polish textiles, and as a hemostatic agent. In China, these insects have been artificially bred since ancient times, mainly in Sichuan Province, to produce large quantities of wax. In Japan, the Aizu region of Fukushima Prefecture is known as a wax production area, and it was called Aizu wax. Both were valuable substances until paraffin was synthesized.

[Tachikawa Shuji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

昆虫綱半翅(はんし)目カタカイガラムシ科に属する昆虫。イボタロウカイガラムシまたはイボタロウカタカイガラムシともいう。本州以南の日本各地、および中国、ヨーロッパに広く分布する。雌は成熟するとほぼ球形で、直径10ミリメートルぐらいになる。体色は緑黄褐色で小黒斑紋(こくはんもん)を散らす。雄は幼虫時に枝に群生して白色の蝋(ろう)物質を分泌するので、虫体やその枝は蝋によって包まれる。この蝋塊中で蛹(さなぎ)となり、成虫となって出現するときは、体長3ミリメートルで細長い透明なはねをもっている。1年に1回発生して成虫で越冬する。5月ごろに数千個の卵を産み、卵は6月に孵化(ふか)する。イボタノキ、ネズミモチ、トネリコ、ヒトツバタゴなど主として庭園の樹木に寄生して被害を与える。一般に発生は多くないが、ときに大発生することがある。雄の分泌した蝋塊は、古くから「とすべり」「いぼた蝋(虫白蝋)」とよばれ、ろうそく、丸薬の外装、織物のつや出し、止血剤などに用いられた。中国では古くから四川(しせん)省を中心に、この昆虫を人為的に増やし、多量の蝋を生産していた。日本でも福島県会津地方が産地として知られ、会津蝋とよばれた。いずれもパラフィンが合成されるまでは貴重な物質であった。

[立川周二]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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