Born: Around 1880. Riyadh [Died] November 9, 1953. At-Tayef Founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (reigned 1932-53). Known as the "Leopard of the Desert." In 1891, Riyadh was occupied by the Ibn Rashid family of northern Najd, who had moved south, and he fled to Kuwait with his father, Abdul Rahman. In 1902, he recaptured Riyadh with 15 subordinates, and in 1907, he was awarded the title of Governor by the Ottoman Empire. In 1920, he fought against Hussein of the Kingdom of Hijaz and took control of the entire Arabian Peninsula. He established an armed religious organization called Ikhwan to expand his territory, and reorganized the dynasty based on the strict Wahhabist doctrine of restorationism (→Wahhabist movement), and in 1932, he changed the country's name to Saudi Arabia. Beginning in 1933, drilling rights were granted to Western oil companies, including Standard Oil of California (later known as Aramco), and royalties from these rights became the state's main source of revenue. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1880頃.リヤード [没]1953.11.9. アッターイフ サウジアラビア王国の建設者 (在位 1932~53) 。「砂漠の豹」と呼ばれた。 1891年南下した北ナジドのイブン・ラシード家にリヤードを占領され,父のアブドゥル・ラフマーンとともにクウェートへ亡命した。 1902年 15名の部下とともにリヤードを奪回し,07年にオスマン帝国から総督の称号を授与され,さらに 20年にはヒジャーズ王国のフセインと戦ってアラビア半島全域を手中に収めた。イフワーンと称する武装宗教団体を創設して領土拡張を行うとともに,厳格な復古主義を奉じるワッハーブ派の宗旨に基づいて王朝を再編成し (→ワッハーブ派運動 ) ,32年には国名をサウジアラビアと改めた。 33年以来,スタンダード・オイル・オブ・カリフォルニア (のちのアラムコ ) をはじめとする欧米の石油会社に採掘権を与え,その権利金が国家の主要な財源となった。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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