On January 14, 1814, in Kiel (now Germany), a Danish territory at the time, Denmark, the defeated country in the Napoleonic Wars, was signed a peace treaty with Britain, Russia, and Sweden. Under this treaty, Denmark ceded the island of Heligoland to Britain, dispatched 10,000 soldiers to the Swedish army to subjugate Napoleon, and also handed over Norway, the other country in the personal union, to the Swedish king. In return, the Swedish island of Rügen and Swedish Pomerania became Prussian territories the following year, and in return, Prussian Lauenburg with a population of about 50,000 was given to Norway. Norway, which had been cut off from Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland, protested that it could not cede a country that was a part of its personal union, and declared independence, supporting the Danish governor Christian Frederick (later King Christian VIII of Denmark) as king. However, Norway soon succumbed to Swedish pressure and entered into a personal union with Sweden. In order to prevent interference in its internal affairs by the Swedish government, Norway based its legal basis for its autonomy on the phrase "cedence to the Swedish King," as used in the Treaty of Kiel. [Murai Masato] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1814年1月14日、当時デンマーク領であったキールKiel(現ドイツ)において、ナポレオン戦争の敗戦国デンマークと、イギリス、ロシア、スウェーデンとの間で締結された講和条約。この条約でイギリスにヘルゴラント島を割譲したデンマークは、ナポレオン討伐軍として1万の兵をスウェーデン軍のもとに派兵、さらに同君連合の相手国ノルウェーをスウェーデン王に譲渡した。その見返りのスウェーデン領リューゲン島、スウェーデン領ポメラニアは翌年プロイセン領となり、さらにその見返りは人口約5万のプロイセン領ラウエンブルクであった。アイスランドとフェロー諸島、グリーンランドを切り離されたノルウェーは、同君連合の相手国を譲渡しえないと反論し、デンマーク人総督クリスティアン・フレデリク(後のデンマーク王クリスティアン8世)を王に擁立して独立を宣言した。 しかし、その後すぐにスウェーデンの圧力に屈してスウェーデンとの同君連合に移行したノルウェーは、スウェーデン政府の内政干渉を排するために、その自治権の法的根拠をキール条約上の表現である「スウェーデン王への譲渡」ということばに求めた。 [村井誠人] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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