Depopulation and overpopulation are phenomena that arise from the overwhelming uneven distribution of population. In Japan, they have been highlighted as social issues since the 1960s. The movement of population from farming, mountain and fishing villages to cities in search of employment opportunities in other industries is a phenomenon that arose with the establishment of modern capitalism. This is common to all developed countries, and the history of the large-scale immigration of farmers from Ireland, Italy and other countries to America can be considered a single example of this. In Japan, even after the establishment of the modern nation in the Meiji era, the country continued to modernize with a dual structure in which communal rural communities and modern capitalist urban communities coexisted, so the movement of population from rural areas to cities was relatively slow until just after World War II. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
過疎・過密は人口の圧倒的な偏在によって生ずる現象である。日本では1960年以降に社会問題としてクローズアップされた。 農山漁村の人口が他産業への就職機会を求めて都市へ流動するのは,近代資本主義の成立にともなって生まれた現象である。先進諸国に共通してみられ,アイルランドやイタリアなどの農民が大挙してアメリカへ渡った移民の歴史も,そのひとこまであったといえる。日本では,明治近代国家成立以後も,共同体社会の農村と近代資本主義社会の都市とを併存させた二重構造の近代化が進められたため,第2次大戦直後までは農村から都市への人口流動は比較的緩慢であった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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