Ike no Gyokuran - Ike no Gyokuran

Japanese: 池玉瀾 - いけのぎょくらん

Year of death: September 28, 1784 (November 10, 1784)
Year of birth: Unknown. A painter from the mid-Edo period. Daughter of Yuri, the wife of Matsuya, a teahouse on Shimokawahara Street in Gion, Kyoto. Her real surname was Tokuyama, her given name was Machi, her pen names were Matsukaze and Yuga (possible), and her wives were Kuzukankyo and Kaitougo. She learned waka poetry from her mother, a poet, and nanga painting from Yanagisawa Kien. Kien's pen name Gyokukei gave her the character 'gyoku' ('tama') and she took the name Gyokuran. Later, she learned nanga painting from Ike Taiga, and lived with Taiga in Makuzuhara (Kyoto Prefecture), where she painted calligraphy and painting under the name Tokuyama Gyokuran. The loving relationship between the two is recorded in Rai Sanyo's "Yuri-den" and other works, and it is said that they would spend the whole day together, arranging papers side by side and enjoying calligraphy and painting. Gyokuran's style of painting was modeled after Taiga's, but perhaps because he lacked some compositional ability, he produced few large-scale works, and many excellent small pieces. It is also said that the work was a collaboration that included a waka poem by her mother Yuri, and the strong bond between mother and daughter is known. Gyokuran's grave is at Saiun-in Temple in Kurodani, Kyoto, where Yuri is buried, and not at Joko-ji Temple where Taiga's is. The fact that he and Taiga were buried separately despite the fact that they are said to have had a close relationship is shrouded in mystery, as is the fact that he used his father's surname, Tokuyama, in his calligraphy and paintings. The age at death is uncertain, as it is said to have been 58 years old according to the death register, 62 years old according to a conversation with Taigado 5th Sadaaki, and 57 years old according to another theory, but if the death register is to be believed, she was born in 1727 (Kyoho 12). Her works include "Waterfall Landscape" (owned by Idemitsu Museum of Arts) and others.

(Toshinobu Yasumura)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：天明4.9.28(1784.11.10)
生年：生年不詳
江戸中期の画家。京都祇園下河原通りの茶屋・松屋の女亭主百合の娘。本姓は徳山氏,名は町,号を松風,遊雅(可),室号を葛覃居,海棠窩といった。歌人である母より和歌を学び,柳沢淇園より南画を学ぶ。淇園の号玉桂より玉の一字を与えられ玉瀾と号した。のちに池大雅に南画を学び,真葛原(京都府)で大雅と同居し,徳山玉瀾の名で書画を描く。ふたりの仲むつまじい姿は頼山陽の「百合伝」ほかに記され,終日仲よく紙を並べて書画に親しむさまが伝えられている。玉瀾の画風は大雅のそれを祖述したものだが,やや構成力に欠けるためか大作が少なく,小品にすぐれた作品が多い。また,母百合の和歌を加えた合作も伝えられ,母と娘の強い結びつきが知られる。玉瀾の墓は百合の墓所である京都黒谷の西雲院にあり,大雅の墓のある浄光寺ではない。大雅との仲むつまじさを伝えられているのに別葬されていることは,書画において父方の姓徳山を称したことも含めて謎に包まれている。没年齢については過去帳には58歳,大雅堂5世定亮の談話では62歳,また57歳説もあって定かではないが,過去帳を信ずれば生年は享保12(1727)年となる。作品に「滝山水図」(出光美術館蔵)ほかがある。

(安村敏信)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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