Astrolabe (English spelling)

Japanese: アストロラーブ(英語表記)astrolabe
Astrolabe (English spelling)
A celestial altitude measuring device developed by Islamic astronomers and introduced to Europe in the 13th century. It was an essential measuring tool for celestial navigation during the Age of Discovery in the 16th and 17th centuries, and was introduced to Japan in the late 16th century and used on red seal trading ships. At the time, it was called astrolabio or istaraby in Japan, the former coming from the Latin astrolabium and the latter from the Portuguese astrolabio. In Arabic, it is called asturlāb. A graduated disk hung from a string has a pointer attached to it that indicates the position of a celestial object. Later, it came to refer to an instrument that uses an equilateral triangular prism and a mercury plate to measure the time when a celestial object reaches a certain altitude and determines the latitude and longitude of the observation point. It was used for field observations, but was improved into a high-precision observation instrument by A. Dashon, director of the Paris Observatory, and is used for precise observation of latitude changes and other things.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イスラムの天文学者が発達させた天体の高度測定器で,ヨーロッパには 13世紀に伝えられた。 16~17世紀の大航海時代の天文航法には欠かせない計測具で,16世紀後半には日本にも伝えられ,朱印貿易船の航海に使用された。当時日本ではアストロラアビヨとかイスタラビと呼んでいるが,前者はラテン語の astrolabium,後者はポルトガル語の astrolabioからきたものである。アラビア語でアストゥルラーブ asturlābという。紐でつるした目盛りつき円盤に,天体の位置を示す指針が取付けてある。その後,正三角形プリズムと水銀盤を用い,天体がある高度に達した時刻を測定して,観測地点の緯度および経度を決める器械をいうようになった。野外観測に用いられてきたが,パリ天文台長の A.ダションにより高精度観測器械に改良され,緯度変化などの精密観測に使われている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Aston, William George

>>:  Astrakhan Khanate - Astrakhan Khanate (English spelling)

Recommend

Fixed Universal Time - Fixed Universal Time

…Relevant observatories around the world observe ...

Kisei West Line

...The main stops are Tsu City, Matsusaka City, S...

MM Seismic Intensity Scale - MM Seismic Intensity Scale

…Unlike the magnitude, which indicates the size o...

Sankei Shimbun - Sankei Shimbun

A national newspaper published by the Sankei Shim...

Ida method - Seidenho

A land system said to have been in place during t...

Disaster statistics - Saigaitokei (English spelling) disaster statistics

A general term for all statistics related to disas...

Dog God Man - Inujinin

In the Middle Ages, they were subordinate to Gion ...

Specialties of the Chukoh era

A type of meibutsu that indicates the rank of tea ...

Esling - Esling

…A medieval feudal state that has survived to the...

Ultrasound cardiography

…Ultrasound is a method of recording the movement...

Sulfolipid

...This type of glycolipid is responsible for the...

Quebec Act

It is also translated as the Quebec Ordinance. It...

Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series

...This property is used to make predictions. The...

Chittagong (English spelling)

Chotragram (meaning "16 villages") in Be...

mediolittoral zone

…Depending on the tidal action, seven tidal level...