A protein in biological membranes that actively transports ions, especially inorganic ions. In animals and plants, there is a lot of K + and little Na + inside the cells. In contrast, Na + is the main inorganic cation in the extracellular fluid surrounding the cells, so Na + and K + are respectively excreted and absorbed against the concentration gradient. In this way, the cell membrane has a pumping action that excretes Na + and pumps in K + , and also has the property of acting as a partition that does not allow these ions to pass freely. It is known that the pumping action is performed by the enzyme Na + ,K + -ATPase in the cell membrane, consuming the chemical energy of ATP. The deviation of Na + inside and outside the membrane that occurs in this way forms a membrane potential, which causes the generation of nerve currents in nerve cells. In addition, in the case of intestinal absorption in animals and in red blood cells, sugars and amino acids are co-transported by utilizing the concentration gradient (electrochemical potential) inside and outside the membrane caused by Na + . Inorganic ions that are known to be transported against the concentration gradient in this way include Na + , K + , as well as H + , Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Mn2 + , HPO42- , and SO42- . Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
生体膜にあって,イオン,とくに無機イオンを能動輸送するタンパク質.動物,植物を通じて細胞内には K+ が多く,Na+ は少ない.これに対して,細胞をとりまく細胞外液では,Na+ がおもな無機陽イオンなので,Na+ および K+ は濃度勾配に逆らってそれぞれ排出,および吸収されていることになる.このように,細胞膜は Na+ の排出と K+ のくみ入れを行うポンプ作用と,これらのイオンを自由には通さないという隔壁としての性質をもっているが,ポンプ作用は細胞膜中の酵素である Na+,K+-ATPaseによって,ATPの化学エネルギーを消費して行われることが知られている.このようにして生じた Na+ の膜内外の偏りは,膜電位を形成し,神経細胞においては神経電流発生の原因となる.また,動物の腸管吸収の場合や赤血球においても,Na+ による膜内外の濃度勾配(電気化学ポテンシャル)を利用して,糖やアミノ酸が共輸送される.このように濃度勾配に逆らって輸送される無機イオンとしては,Na+,K+ のほかに,H+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Mn2+,HPO42-,SO42-などが知られている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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