An object that never loses its magnetic force that attracts iron pieces. Usually it is simply called a magnet. In contrast, electromagnets and the like only exhibit magnetic force while current is passing through them, so they are called temporary magnets. If you rub a sewing needle against another magnet, it becomes a weak but permanent magnet (carbon steel magnet). Ferrite magnets are the most widely produced industrially, followed by alnico alloys. Rare earth cobalt magnets have been increasing in recent years. These products are evaluated based on their magnetic strength (residual magnetic flux density), stability (coercive force), and overall magnetic energy (maximum BH product). Small items that utilize magnetic attraction are commonly found in our daily lives, but many permanent magnets are incorporated as magnetic field generating components in speakers, meters, small generators, and various other electrical devices. Inventions in Japan such as KS steel (1920) by Honda Kotaro and others, MK steel (1933), and OP magnets (1933) contributed greatly to the development of this field. [Keizo Ota] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鉄片を引き付ける磁力をいつまでも失わない物体。普通は単に磁石という。これに対し、電磁石などは電流を通している間しか磁力を示さないので、一時磁石とよぶ。縫い針を他の磁石でこすると、弱いながら永久磁石になる(炭素鋼磁石)。工業的にもっとも生産量が多いのはフェライト磁石で、アルニコ合金がこれに次ぐ。最近は希土類コバルト磁石が増えている。これらの製品は、磁気の強さ(残留磁束密度)と安定さ(保磁力)、そして総合的には磁気エネルギー(最大BH積)の大きさで評価される。 吸引力利用の小物は身辺によくみるが、永久磁石の多くは、スピーカー、メーター、小形発電機、その他各種電気機器の中に、磁界発生用部品として組み込まれている。本多光太郎(ほんだこうたろう)らのKS鋼(1920)をはじめ、MK鋼(1933)、OP磁石(1933)などの日本での発明は、この分野の発展に貢献した。 [太田恵造] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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