A rocket propelled by the recoil of charged particles (ions) ejected at very high speeds, rather than by combustion gases as in chemical rockets. A substance such as cesium is turned into a gas, which is then heated and split into positive and negative ions. When a high voltage is applied, the ions are electrically repelled and ejected backwards, generating thrust through the recoil. Although the thrust is extremely small, it can be generated for a long period of time, making it convenient for long-term flights. Experiments with this type of rocket were carried out on the Soviet Union's Zond 2 and 3, and the United States' Snapshot 1. It is used for controlling the attitude of satellites, among other things. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
化学ロケットのように燃焼ガスを吹出すのではなく,非常に高速で噴射する荷電粒子 (イオン) の反動で推進されるロケット。セシウムのような物質をガスにして,それに熱を加えて陽イオンと陰イオンに分け,高い電圧を加えれば,電気的にはじかれてうしろへ飛出し,その反動で推進力を出す。推力はきわめて小さいが,長時間にわたって推力を発生するので,長期飛行に便利である。ソ連のゾンド2号,3号,アメリカのスナップショット1号などで実験された。衛星の姿勢制御用などに用いられている。
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