Family system - Ieseido

Japanese: 家制度 - いえせいど
Family system - Ieseido

...Looking at these concrete examples, we can see that the family lineages seen in Japanese families are not only the patrilineal family lineages centered on the father-son relationship, which has traditionally been emphasized, but also the bilateral family lineages that emphasize the mother-child relationship in addition to the father-son relationship. Among the diverse ancestor-descendant relationships among Japanese people, the "family" defined by the Meiji Civil Code places special emphasis on the father-son relationship, and in order to achieve this, special power is required, which is the so-called "family system" centered on patriarchy and primogeniture. However, in order to understand the Japanese family, it is extremely important to understand that there are not only families that emphasize only patrilineal family lineages, but also families characterized by bilateral family lineages, mainly in southwestern Japan. ...

From [Family System]

...The term "family system" is used in various ways, but broadly speaking, one is the order that governs the communal life of a family that exists in society, and the other can be said to be the general legal order that governs the communal life of a family. Although the family order that exists in society has different nuances, it can be divided into several types as one of the main production methods of a society and the social order that is determined by it. The state selects from among them the one that it considers necessary for governance, and sometimes, taking into consideration the family order prescribed in the laws of other countries, creates a certain family order that is effective for national governance, and enforces it on the people as law. ...

From [Family Law]

… In the Meiji Civil Code, the family system was established with the head of the household as the head of the family, supported by the right of family headship and the sole inheritance of the family head by the eldest son. This is called the family system (not in the broad sense of the family system in general, but in the narrow sense of the head of the family ruling over the family members through his right of family headship, as in the Meiji Civil Code), or the family system. The family law in the Meiji Civil Code had a modern legal structure of rights and obligations, but its content was based on unique Japanese customs and played a role in preserving them. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "family system" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… このように具体的ないくつかの事例についてみれば,日本の家族にみられる家筋は,従来とくに強調されてきた父―息子関係を軸とする父系単系的な家筋のみならず,父―息子に加えて母―子の関係も強調する双系的な家筋も重要な意味をもっていたことが理解できる。日本人の多様な祖先―子孫関係のなかで,とくに父―息子関係を特別に強調したものが,明治民法が規定した〈家〉であり,そのためには特別の力が必要であり,それがいわゆる家父長制,長子相続制を中心とする〈家制度〉であった。しかしながら日本の家族にはこうした父系的家筋のみを強調する家族ばかりでなく,西南日本を中心として双性的な家筋を特徴とする家族もみられたことを理解することは,日本の家族の解明にあたってきわめて重要である。…

【家族制度】より

…家族制度という言葉は種々の意味に用いられるが,大別すれば,一つは,社会的に存在する家族の共同生活を支配する秩序であり,他の一つは,家族の共同生活を支配する法的秩序一般ということができる。社会的に存在する家族秩序は,個々に異なるニュアンスを有するとしても,その社会の主要な生産のしかたとそれに規定される社会秩序の一つとして,いくつかの類型に分けられる。国家は,それらのうち,統治上必要と考えるものを選び,ときには,他国の法令に規定された家族秩序をも参考にしながら国家統治上,有効な一定の家族秩序をつくり上げ,それを法として,人々に強制する。…

【家族法】より

… この明治民法では,戸主権と長男単独相続の家督相続とに支えられた戸主を家長とする〈家〉の制度がとられていた。これは家族制度(家族の制度一般という広い意味ではなく,明治民法におけるように戸主権という家長権で家長が家族員を支配するという狭い意味で用いたもの),あるいは家制度と呼ばれる。明治民法における家族法は,権利義務という近代法的な構成をとってはいたが,その内容は日本固有の慣習を基本としており,それを温存する役割を果たしてきた。…

※「家制度」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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