Dark figure; Dunkelfeld

Japanese: 暗数 - あんすう(英語表記)dark figure; Dunkelfeld
Dark figure; Dunkelfeld
This refers to the number of crimes that have actually occurred that are not captured in crime statistics. Generally, the number of crimes recognized by the police is considered to be the "number of crimes occurring," but strictly speaking, it is only the "number of crimes recognized," and many crimes end without being noticed by the victims, or are not reported to the police even if they are noticed. It is impossible to accurately grasp the true number of crimes that have occurred statistically, but research is being conducted to estimate the actual number of crimes by conducting dark count surveys. Labeling theory, a new theory in criminology, focuses on this dark count and points out the importance of investigating the causes and mechanisms of labeling, that is, why only certain acts are recognized and labeled as crimes, rather than investigating the causes of crime itself as in the past. According to this way of thinking, crime statistics do not reflect the actual number of crimes, but merely record the activities of public crime control agencies.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
現実に発生した犯罪のうち,犯罪統計では把握されない犯罪数をいう。一般には警察が認知した犯罪数を「犯罪発生数」とみなすが,厳密にはそれは「犯罪認知件数」にすぎず,被害者にも気づかれずに終る犯罪や,気づかれても警察に届け出がなされない犯罪も多い。真の犯罪発生数を統計的に正確に把握することは不可能であるが,暗数調査により犯罪の実数を推定する研究が行われている。犯罪学の新しい理論の一つであるラベリング論では,この暗数に注目し,従来のように犯罪そのものの原因を究明することよりも,なぜ特定の行為のみが犯罪として認知されラベルをはられることになるのかというラベリング (レッテルはり) の原因とメカニズムを究明することの重要性を指摘した。このような考え方によれば,犯罪統計は犯罪の実数を反映するものではなく,公的な犯罪統制機関の活動を記録するものにすぎないことになる。

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