A person who is not a professional. The opposite of professional. It is said that the term first began to be used in sports in the late 18th century in England, and was first used in regulations for the Henley Regatta, a boat race that began in 1839. With the founding of the modern Olympics, amateurism became the Olympic creed, but in 1968, the Wimbledon tennis tournament adopted an open system and prize money system that allowed participants to participate without distinction between professionals and amateurs. In 1974, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) General Assembly significantly revised the eligibility regulations for participants, and the definition of amateur was removed from the Olympic Charter. This made it possible for athletes to individually sign contracts with sponsors and receive necessary expenses and advertising fees from the relevant organizations. Professionals who practice or play in matches every day and have no other occupation, so-called "full-time athletes," have come to make up the top level of any sport, and the word amateur has become almost obsolete. (→Amateur regulations) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
職業化していない人。プロフェッショナルの対語。特にスポーツにおいて使用され始めたのは,18世紀後半のイギリスとされ,規程としては 1839年に始まったボートレース,ヘンリーレガッタの参加規程に用いられたのが最初である。近代オリンピックの創始とともに,アマチュアリズムはオリンピックの信条となったが,1968年テニスのウィンブルドン大会でプロフェッショナルとアマチュアの区別なしに参加させるオープン制および賞金制が採用されるなどの動きをうけ,1974年国際オリンピック委員会 IOC総会で参加者資格規程が大幅に改定され,オリンピック憲章からアマチュアの定義が削除された。これにより,スポーツ選手が個別にスポンサーと契約したり,当該団体から必要経費や広告出演料を受け取ることが可能となった。毎日練習もしくは試合に出場し,ほかの職業についていないプロフェッショナル,いわゆる「フルタイム・アスリート」がどの競技でもトップレベル層を構成するようになり,アマチュアということばはほとんど死語となった。 (→アマチュア規程 )
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