He Xiangning - Kakogyo

Chinese politician. Wife of Liao Zhongkai, one of Sun Yat-sen's four heavenly kings, and mother of Liao Chengzhi. Born in Canton and raised in Hong Kong, she came to Japan in 1902 (Meiji 35) after getting married and entered Tokyo Women's Art School, and in 1905 became the first woman to join the China Alliance. After graduating in 1911, she returned to Canton and came back to Japan in 1913 (Taisho 2), living in Tokyo until 1923. She returned to Japan in 1923, participated in the First National Congress of the Kuomintang in 1924, and became a leader in the party's women's division. Liao Zhongkai, who promoted cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, was assassinated by the right wing of the Kuomintang in 1925. He later followed the wishes of Sun Yat-sen and Liao Zhongkai and became a politician, remaining in Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government in a minor position. During the Sino-Japanese War, he was involved in disaster relief activities in the northwest. In 1948 during the civil war, he formed the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee with Li Jishen and others, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as director of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee and representative of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a consistent politician of the united front. He was also famous as a Chinese painter.

[Yuzo Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の政治家。孫文(そんぶん／スンウェン)の四天王の一人といわれた廖仲愷(りょうちゅうがい／リヤオチョンカイ)の夫人で、廖承志(りょうしょうし／リヤオチョンチー)の母。広東(カントン)に生まれ香港(ホンコン)で育ち、結婚後1902年（明治35）に来日、東京女子美術学校に入学、1905年中国同盟会に最初の女性として加入。1911年卒業後、広東に戻り1913年（大正2）再来日、1923年まで東京に在住。1923年帰国、1924年の国民党一全大会に参加、同党の婦女部の指導者。国共合作を進める廖仲愷は1925年国民党右派に暗殺され、のち孫文・廖仲愷の遺志を継いで政治家となり、蒋介石(しょうかいせき／チヤンチエシー)国民政府にとどまり閑職につく。日中戦争中は西北地区で救災活動に従事。内戦期の1948年国民党革命委員会を李済深(りさいしん／リーチーシェン)らと結成、新中国成立に伴い華僑(かきょう)事務委員会主任、政治協商会議代表を務め、一貫した統一戦線の政治家であった。また中国画の画家として著名。

［加藤祐三］

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