Kakeya - Kakeya

A money exchanger who handles the receipt and disbursement of silver for the shogunate's temporary Osaka silver collection and the bid and sale of daimyo's storehouses (mainly stored rice), and lends to daimyo. Also called a silver dealer. Many also act as kuramoto. In the late 17th century, when large amounts of storehouses from various domains piled up in Osaka, the accounting and disbursement work of silver, which had previously been carried out by domain officials and townspeople who were kuramoto, was separated, and kakeya were established to set aside stored rice, lend silver to daimyo, and repay. During the Enpo to Genroku period (1673-1704), more than 40 to 50 kakeya were concentrated in Osaka, and about 30 domains had their own dedicated kakeya. Storehouse rice stored by kurayashiki and kuramoto was sold at auction to rice brokers in the presence of a designated kakeya. The broker carefully examines and receives the next day's deposit silver and 3-10 day replacement silver from the successful rice broker and issues a silver receipt (uketori). The broker takes this to the storehouse, checks the seal, receives the rice receipt, and can then request the rice to be released from the storehouse. The broker reports the status of receipt of the deposit silver and replacement silver to the storehouse official, and when the replacement silver is fully paid, the broker stores the silver, exchanges it for the Edo residence, sends it back to the domain, remits it to the daimyo's silver master, or pays it to the storehouse. Brokers are paid fees such as income tax, commission, and brokerage fees, and also receive rice allowances from various feudal domains. The shogunate's brokers include the Settsu, Kawai, and Izumi provincial government silver brokers and the Osaka temporary official silver brokers. Famous examples include Tennojiya Gobei, who served the Kurume and Matsue domains, Konoike Zen'emon, who worked for many businesses in the Kanazawa, Hiroshima, and Okayama domains, and Kajimaya Kyuemon, who served the Nakatsu domain.

[Masa Kawakami]

“Daimyo Financial History Theory” by Yasuhiro Mori (1970, Ohara Shinseisha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕府の大坂臨時集銀、大名衆の蔵物(くらもの)（おもに蔵米(くらまい)）入札販売代銀の出納を引き受け大名貸をする両替商。銀懸屋(ぎんかけや)ともいう。蔵元を兼ねるものも多い。17世紀後半、諸藩の蔵物が大坂に大量に積み登せられると、従来、藩役人や町人の蔵元が行っていた代銀出納業務が分離し、蔵米引当・前銀の大名貸融通・返済のためにも、掛屋が設定された。延宝(えんぽう)～元禄(げんろく)期（1673～1704）には40から50余りの掛屋が大坂に集中し、約30藩が専任の掛屋を置いている。蔵屋敷・蔵元が保管する蔵米は、指定の掛屋立会いのもとで、米仲買に入札販売される。掛屋は落札した米仲買から、翌日掛けの敷銀(しきぎん)、3～10日限り掛けの代銀をよく吟味して受け取り、銀切手（請取(うけとり)）を交付する。仲買はこれを蔵屋敷に持参、印鑑を照合して米切手を受け取ると、蔵出しを請求することができる。敷銀・代銀の受け取り状況は、掛屋から蔵役人に報告され、代銀が完納されると、掛屋は掛け包み銀を保管したり、江戸屋敷への為替(かわせ)取組、国元仕送り、大名貸の銀主への送銀を行ったり、蔵屋敷に納付したりする。掛屋は、その手数料として入目(いりめ)や口銭(こうせん)、掛屋料を支給され、また諸藩から扶持(ふち)米を受けたりする。幕府の掛屋には、摂河泉国役(くにやく)銀、大坂臨時御用銀掛屋などがある。久留米(くるめ)・松江藩などの御用を勤めた天王寺(てんのうじ)屋五兵衛、金沢・広島・岡山藩など数多の掛屋を兼ねた鴻池(こうのいけ)善右衛門、中津藩御用の加島(かじま)屋久右衛門などは著名。

［川上　雅］

『森泰博著『大名金融史論』（1970・大原新生社）』

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