Gakushuin

Japanese: 学習院 - がくしゅういん

Its origins can be traced back to 1847 (the 4th year of the Koka era), when Gakushuin (closed in 1867) was established within the Kyoto Imperial Palace as a learning center for nobles (kuge) who did not have any educational institutions.

[Kitamura Kazuyuki]

Gakushuin before World War II

The direct origin of the current Gakushuin is the Peerage School, established in 1877 (Meiji 10) in Kanda Nishikicho, Tokyo by the Peerage Hall, which was organized and established by members of the aristocracy. It was named "Gakushuin" by imperial edict of Emperor Meiji. When it first opened, it had an elementary school, a girls' elementary school, and a middle school, and in principle, only men and women of the aristocracy were eligible to enroll, but from the beginning some samurai and commoners were also admitted. Uniforms for pupils and students were established in 1879, and this is said to be the first time that school uniforms were established in Japan. For a time it was a private school under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, but in 1884 it was transferred to a national school under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Household Ministry. The following year, in 1885, Gakushuin abolished its women's education department and Shimoda Utako, who had been appointed as an official advisor to the Imperial Household Ministry, took the lead in founding the Peerage Girls' School, which was merged with Gakushuin in 1906 (Meiji 39) to become the Gakushuin Women's Department, and then became independent as Gakushuin Girls' School in 1918 (Taisho 7). The school system changed several times until the Second World War, but it had an elementary, middle and high school department, and graduates of the high school department were eligible to enter the Imperial University.

[Kitamura Kazuyuki]

Gakushuin after World War II

With the abolition of the peerage system after World War II, Gakushuin was seen as a "school for the privileged classes" and even its closure was discussed, but in 1947 (Showa 22), the abolition of the Imperial Household Ordinance and the Imperial Household Ministry Ordinance concerning Gakushuin marked the end of Gakushuin as a national institution, and at the same time, it was re-established as a Gakushuin Incorporated Foundation. There are many cases of private schools being transferred to national or public institutions, but it is extremely rare for a public institution to become a private institution. As a result, Joshi Gakushuin was absorbed into the Gakushuin Women's Department. The first principal was Abe Yoshishige.

When the new university system was launched in 1949, a university was established, and the following year in 1950, a junior college for women was established. In 1997, the junior college was reorganized to form Gakushuin Women's College (the junior college stopped accepting students in 1998). As of 2010, the school has a consistent educational system from kindergarten to elementary school, middle school, and high school, and many students go on to university. The university consists of four faculties: Law, Economics, Literature, and Science, and has a graduate school with seven departments: Law, Political Science, Economics, Business Administration, Humanities, Natural Sciences, and Law. The university is located at 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo.

[Kitamura Kazuyuki]

"The Gakushuin Centennial History, Volumes 1-3 (1980-1987, Gakushuin)" ▽ "The Gakushuin University Fifty Year History, Volumes 1 and 2 (2000, Gakushuin University)"

[References] | Abe Yoshinari | Peerage | Shimoda Utako

Gakushuin
Takada Village, Kitatoshima District (present-day Mejiro, Toshima Ward, Tokyo). "Illustrated Guide to Famous Places in Tokyo" (1912, Meiji 45), National Diet Library .

Gakushuin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

起源は、1847年（弘化4）、とくに教育機関がなかった公家(くげ)のための学習所として京都御所内に設立された学習院（1867年閉鎖）にまでさかのぼることができる。

［喜多村和之］

第二次世界大戦前の学習院

現在の学習院の直接的な起源は、華族有志が結成・創設した華族会館によって1877年（明治10）に東京・神田錦町(かんだにしきちょう)に設立された華族学校である。明治天皇の勅諭により「学習院」と名づけられた。開設当時は小学・女子小学・中学を置き、入学資格は原則として華族の男女であったが、当初から士族・平民も一部入学していた。1879年から児童・生徒の制服が定められ、これが日本で学校の制服を定めた最初といわれている。一時、文部省所管の私立学校であったが、1884年宮内省所轄の官立学校へ移管された。翌1885年には学習院の女子教科が廃止され、宮内省御用掛に任じられた下田歌子が中心となって、華族女学校が設立されたが、1906年（明治39）学習院に合併され学習院女学部となり、さらに1918年（大正7）女子学習院として独立した。その後第二次世界大戦に至るまで学制は幾度か変更されたが、初等科、中等科、高等科を備え、高等科の卒業生は帝国大学への入学資格を有していた。

［喜多村和之］

第二次世界大戦後の学習院

第二次世界大戦後の華族制度の廃止で、学習院は「特権階級の学校」と目されていたため廃校さえ論議されたが、1947年（昭和22）学習院に関する皇室令・宮内省令の廃止によって官立としての学習院が終わりを告げ、同時に財団法人学習院として再発足することになった。私学が国公立に移管された例は多いが、官立から私立になる例はきわめてまれである。それに伴い、女子学習院は学習院女子部として吸収された。初代院長は安倍能成(あべよししげ)であった。

　1949年（昭和24）新制大学制度発足時に大学が、翌1950年に女子の短期大学部が設置された。また、1997年（平成9）には短期大学部を改組し、学習院女子大学が設置された（短大は1998年度から学生募集停止）。2010年（平成22）時点で、幼稚園から初等科、中等科、高等科までの一貫した教育体制をもち、大学への学内進学者も少なくない。大学は法学、経済学、文学、理学の4学部からなり、法学、政治学、経済学、経営学、人文科学、自然科学、法務の7研究科を置く大学院をもつ。大学所在地は東京都豊島(としま)区目白1-5-1。

［喜多村和之］

『『学習院百年史』第1～3編（1980～1987・学習院）』▽『『学習院大学五十年史』上下（2000・学習院大学）』

[参照項目] | 安倍能成 | 華族 | 下田歌子

学習院
北豊島郡高田村（現在の東京都豊島区目白）。『東京府名勝図絵』（1912年〈明治45〉）国立国会図書館所蔵">

学習院

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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