Phylogeny - Phylogeny

Japanese: 系統発生 - けいとうはっせい
Phylogeny - Phylogeny

It refers to the process of evolutionary change that a species of organism has undergone from the past to the present (or until extinction in the case of extinct species). Along with "ontogeny," this concept was proposed by the German zoologist Haeckel, who proposed the repetition theory that "ontogeny repeats phylogeny." This idea was later criticized, but there are still many unknowns about the relationship between the two. The study of phylogeny (systematics) is centered on comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and paleontology, and it is possible to trace the changes of some species, such as ammonites, equidae, and elephantidae, in considerable detail. Recently, comparative biochemistry research has opened up new fields in phylogeny, such as examining the degree of similarity from differences in the amino acid sequences in proteins and estimating the time of divergence of two organisms from mutations in the base sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

[Sadao Yasugi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ある生物の種類が過去から現在まで(絶滅した種類では絶滅まで)にたどった進化的変化の過程をいう。「個体発生」とともにドイツの動物学者ヘッケルが提唱した概念で、彼は「個体発生は系統発生を繰り返す」という反覆説を唱えた。この考えはのちに批判されたが、両者の関係については現在なお未知の部分が多い。系統発生の研究(系統学)は比較解剖学、比較発生学、古生物学が中心であり、アンモナイトやウマ科、ゾウ科などいくつかの種類ではかなり詳細にその変化のあとを追うことができる。また最近では比較生化学的研究によって、タンパク質中のアミノ酸配列の差異から類縁の程度を調べたり、デオキシリボ核酸(DNA)の塩基配列の変異から2種類の生物の分岐時代が推定可能になるなど、系統発生についても新たな分野が開けつつある。

[八杉貞雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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