Dicotyledonous, polypetalous. Most are herbs, but some are shrubs. Leaves are simple, opposite or alternate, usually tetraploid, without stipules. Flowers are bisexual, mostly tetraploid, actinomorphic. Sepals are fused to the ovary, and the petals are the same number and separate. Stamens are the same number as the petals or multiples of them. Anthers are two-lobed and arranged vertically. The ovary is inferior, and the tip of the style is capitate or club-shaped, but some are four-lobed. They produce capsules or nuts, and the seeds are endospermless, and some are hairy. There are 37 genera and 640 species worldwide, 5 genera and 28 species in Japan, and many naturalized species. There is also a theory that the aquatic nut-producing genus Trapaceae should be separated. [Junko Kobayashi, August 20, 2020] It is also classified as part of the Onagraceae family in the APG classification. The genus Trapa is included in the Lythraceae family. [Editorial Department, August 20, 2020] ©Yuichi Kadota "> Flowers and fruits of Willow Weed (Honeywort) [Morphology] ©Yuichi Kadota "> Flowers and fruits of evening primrose and rock herb... Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
双子葉植物、離弁花類。ほとんどが草本であるが低木もある。葉は単葉で対生または互生し、普通は4数性で、托葉(たくよう)はない。花は両性で多くは4数性、放射相称。萼(がく)は子房に合着し、花弁も同数で離生。雄しべは花弁と同じかまたは倍数。葯(やく)は2室で縦列する。子房は下位で、花柱の先端は頭状か棍棒(こんぼう)状であるが、4裂するものもある。蒴果(さくか)または堅果をつくり、種子は無胚乳(はいにゅう)で、長毛をつけるものもある。世界に37属640種、日本に5属28種分布、帰化種も多い。水生で堅果をつくるヒシ属をヒシ科Trapaceaeとして独立させる説もある。 [小林純子 2020年8月20日] APG分類でもアカバナ科とされる。ヒシ属はミソハギ科に含まれる。 [編集部 2020年8月20日] ©門田裕一"> タニタデ、ヤナギランの花・果実〔形態〕 ©門田裕一"> コマツヨイグサ、イワアカバナの花・果実… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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