Aurelian's Walls

Japanese: アウレリアヌスの城壁 - あうれりあぬすのじょうへき

…Since the beginning of mankind, there have been constant conflicts, and as people began to live in settlements, they needed defenses against the invasion of foreign enemies. It is known that when settlements were formed, they built fences and moats on a settlement-by-settlement basis. In Japan, many such examples can already be seen at the sites of Yayoi settlements, and these are considered to be the precursors of later castles. However, it was with the establishment of cities and nations that well-maintained castles became especially necessary. Castles were built not only to protect against attacks by other nations and tribes, but also to protect against attacks from those under their control, all over the world until the early modern period. …

From Rome

…He was succeeded by emperors from Illyricum who continued to work on rebuilding the empire. Following Claudius II (reigned 268-270), who defeated the Goths, Aurelian (reigned 270-275) abandoned Dacia, but destroyed Palmyra and took Queen Zenobia captive (273), recovered Gaul, and built the Aurelian Walls in Rome to fortify the capital. He believed that he had won the battle against Palmyra with the protection of the Syrian sun god, and brought the body of the sun god, which had been returned from Rome after Elagabalus, back to Rome and made it the national deity. …

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "Aurelian Walls" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…人類の発生以来争闘は絶えることなく，定住生活が始まるとともに外敵の侵入に対する防御が必要とされたが，集落が形成されると集落単位で柵や環濠を設けたことが知られる。日本でもすでに弥生時代の集落址にこうした例が多くみられ，これらがのちの城郭の先駆的形態と考えられる。しかし整備された城が特に必要とされるのは都市や国家の成立に伴ってであり，他の国家･種族の襲来に備えることはもちろん，領内の被支配者からの攻撃に備えて城を営むことも，世界各地で近世まで行われた。…

【ローマ】より

…彼にイリュリクム出身の皇帝が続き帝国再建の努力を続ける。ゴート族を退けたクラウディウス2世(在位268‐270)に続いて，アウレリアヌス(在位270‐275)はダキアを放棄したがパルミュラを破壊して女王ゼノビアを捕虜とし(273)，ガリアを回復し，ローマに〈アウレリアヌスの城壁〉を築いて首都の守りを固めた。彼はシリアの太陽神の加護によってパルミュラ戦に勝利したと信じて，エラガバルスのあとローマ市から戻されていた太陽神の神体を再びローマに運び国家神とした。…

※「アウレリアヌスの城壁」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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