This is a declaration by scientists themselves of their basic ideas about what scientific research should be and the rights, duties and responsibilities of scientists. The World Federation of Science Workers (WFSW) adopted the Scientists' Charter at its first general meeting in 1948, and the International Council of Sciences (ICSU) also adopted its own charter the following year in 1949. Both charters share the recognition that scientists have a significant social responsibility due to the large social impact of the use of science and technology. In Japan, the current state of science and technology was severely criticized in the late 1960s over pollution issues and other issues. In response to this, the Science Council of Japan adopted a charter in 1980 that states that scientists must adhere to the following five items: (1) Be aware of the meaning and purpose of their research and contribute to the welfare of humanity and world peace. (2) Defend academic freedom and respect creativity in research. (3) Value the harmonious development of the sciences and promote the dissemination of the spirit and knowledge of science. (4) We will be vigilant against the neglect and misuse of science, and will endeavor to eliminate these dangers. (5) We will respect the international nature of science, and strive to interact with scientists from around the world. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
科学研究のあるべき姿や科学者の権利,義務および責任についての基本的な考えを,科学者みずからが宣言したもの。世界科学労働者連盟 WFSWが,1948年の第1回総会で科学者憲章を採択,翌 1949年には国際学術連合会議(国際科学会議) ICSUも独自の憲章を採択した。二つの憲章は,科学技術利用の及ぼす社会的影響の大きさから,科学者には重大な社会的責任があるとの認識で共通している。日本では,1960年代末から公害問題などをめぐって科学技術の現状に対する厳しい批判がなされたが,日本学術会議はこれにこたえるかたちで,1980年に次の 5項目の遵守をうたった憲章を採択した。(1) 自己の研究の意義と目的を自覚し,人類の福祉と世界の平和に貢献する。(2) 学問の自由を擁護し,研究における創意を尊重する。(3) 諸科学の調和ある発展を重んじ,科学の精神と知識の普及をはかる。(4) 科学の無視と乱用を警戒し,それらの危険を排除するよう努力する。(5) 科学の国際性を重んじ,世界の科学者との交流に努める。
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