Frog - Batrachoi (English spelling)

Japanese: 蛙 - かえる(英語表記)Batrachoi
Frog - Batrachoi (English spelling)

A comedy by Aristophanes, an ancient Greek comedian. It was performed in 405 BC at the Rhenaea festival, where it won first prize. Of the three great tragic poets, Aeschylus had already died in 456 BC, but Euripides and Sophocles also died in 406 BC. As a result, only second-rate and third-rate poets remained in Athens, and Aristophanes decided to bring Euripides back to earth through a comedy. In this play, Dionysus, the god of theater, disguises himself as Hercules, who once descended to the underworld, and descends to the underworld to bring Euripides back. However, in the underworld, Aeschylus of the older generation and Euripides of the newer generation are fighting over the position of leading tragic poet, with the exception of Sophocles, who stands out as the embodiment of classical perfection. Dionysus, who had come to the scene, became the judge of the singing contest between the two great poets. To advance the plot, Aristophanes freely quoted and mocked the verses of the two poets. This makes the play the oldest literary critique in the world. The title comes from the chorus of frogs croaking in the River Styx.

[Tetsuro Nakatsuka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ギリシアの喜劇作家アリストファネスの喜劇。紀元前405年、レナイア祭の喜劇コンテストで上演、一等賞を得る。三大悲劇詩人のうちアイスキロスはすでに前456年に亡くなっていたが、前406年にはエウリピデスとソフォクレスも相次いで世を去った。このためアテネに残るのは二流、三流の詩人ばかりとなり、アリストファネスは喜劇のなかでエウリピデスを地上に連れ戻そうと考える。そこでこの劇では、演劇の神ディオニソスがかつて冥界(めいかい)降りしたことのあるヘラクレスに扮(ふん)して地下に降り、エウリピデスを連れ帰ろうとする。ところが冥界では、古典主義的完成の体現者として局外にたつソフォクレスは別として、旧世代のアイスキロスと新世代のエウリピデスが悲劇の第一人者の椅子(いす)をめぐって争っている。そこで、来あわせたディオニソスが二大詩人の歌合戦の審判者となる。このような筋(すじ)書きを進めるために、アリストファネスは2詩人の詩句を思うままに引用して茶化す。このことから、この劇は世界最古の文芸批評ともなっている。なお題名は、三途(さんず)の川で鳴き騒ぐ蛙のコーラスに由来する。

[中務哲郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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