Werkstatt

Japanese: Werkstatt
Werkstatt

...Workshops are thought to have emerged in civilizations with the emergence of objects whose production required special skills, such as metal tools.
[Western]
A workshop is called a workshop in English, a studio in French, an atelier in French, a Werkstatt in German, and a bottega in Italian. Medieval workshops, which developed with the development of cities, were under the control of guilds (trade associations) and endeavored to maintain mutual assistance, regulations, and technical standards within the same profession. …

From [Small Theatre]

After the Second World War, small theaters with seats of 100 or less appeared, with names such as Zimmertheater and Kellertheater, and the traditional small theaters were upgraded to medium-sized theaters. In the 1960s, it became common for public theaters to have a third small experimental theater, which was given the name Studiobühne or Werkstatt, Werkraum. From these experimental spaces, a new group of theaters called underground theater was born, which was a global phenomenon of the time. In Japan, after a period of medium-sized theaters in the 1950s, a small theater (movement) with seats of around 100 was born in the 1960s, which prompted the emergence of underground theater, and a similar process emerged in which such theaters required new spaces called small theaters.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Werkstatt" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…工房は,金属器のように制作に特別な技能を要する物品の発生と共に諸文明中に登場したと考えられる。
[西洋]
 工房を,英語ではワークショップworkshop,ステューディオ(スタジオ)studio,フランス語ではアトリエatelier,ドイツ語ではウェルクシュタットWerkstatt,イタリア語ではボッテガbottegaと呼ぶ。都市の発達に伴って発展した中世の工房は,ギルド(同業組合)の統制下にあり,同一職種内部の相互扶助,規制,技術水準の保持に努めた。…

【小劇場】より

… 第2次大戦後は,〈部屋劇場Zimmertheater〉〈地下室劇場Kellertheater〉などという名で客席数100以下の小空間の劇場も登場し,これによって従来の小劇場はいわば〈中劇場〉に格上げされることとなった。さらに1960年代には,公立劇場が第3の小空間実験劇場を持つことが通例となり,これに対しては〈スタジオ舞台Studiobühne〉とか〈工房Werkstatt,Werkraum〉などという名称が与えられた。このような実験的な空間から,〈アングラ演劇〉などと呼ばれる一群の新しい演劇が誕生するわけであるが,それは,いわばこの時代の世界的な現象であって,日本でも昭和30年代の中型劇場中心の時代を経て,1960年代には客席数100前後の小劇場(運動)が生まれ,それがアングラ演劇の発生をうながし,またそのような演劇が小劇場という新しい空間を必要とするという似たような過程が現出した。…

※「Werkstatt」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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