An operating system (OS) developed by Bell Labs in 1969. The name UNIX was derived from the project name UNICS (UNiplexed Information and Computing Service) of Bell Labs developer Kenneth Lane Thompson (1943-), and was later renamed to its current name. Program development is easier than with interactive systems, it maximizes the performance of the hardware, and system development and maintenance can be done on the system. The UNIX Programmer's Manual was published in 1971, and in 1973 the programming language was ported from assembly language to the easier-to-develop C language. In addition to workstations, it is installed in 32-bit personal computers and supercomputers, and is widely used in Internet-connected servers. It is written in C++ (C++), an extension of C, so it is easy to port to new machines, and the file system is simple and clear, with files and input/output devices being on the same level, making it easy to write. Because of its many advantages, such as the ability to process commands in parallel and input commands ahead of time, the lack of need to specify files each time, and the ability to use a variety of programming languages and software tools, and the fact that there were many "UNIX dialects" in addition to the Bell Labs and Berkeley versions, 77 user companies (organizations) created the "Unified UNIX Specification (SPEC1170)." It was later taken over and expanded by the standardization organization X/Open (now The Open Group). [Michinori Iwata] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ベル研究所が1969年に開発したオペレーティングシステム(OS)。UNIXという名称は、ベル研究所の開発者ケン・トンプソンKenneth Lane Thompson(1943― )のプロジェクト名UNICS(UNiplexed Information and Computing Service)からつけられたもので、後に現在のものに改称された。プログラムの開発は会話型システムより容易で、ハードウェアの性能を最大限に引き出し、システムの開発・保守をシステム上で行える特長をもつ。1971年にはUNIXプログラマーズ・マニュアルが出版され、1973年にはプログラム言語がアセンブリ言語(アセンブラ言語)から開発が容易なC言語に移植された。ワークステーションのほかに32ビットパソコンからスーパーコンピュータにまで搭載されており、インターネット接続のサーバーに広く用いられている。C言語を拡張したC++(シープラスプラス)言語で書かれているため新しいマシンへの移植が容易で、ファイル系が単純明快でファイルと入出機器が同格であるため、書き込みも簡単にできる。コマンドの同時並行処理および先行入力が可能で、ファイルをそのつど指定する必要がなく、種々のプログラム言語やソフトウェアツールが使用可能など、多くの長所があることから、ベル研究所版やバークリー版のほかに、“UNIX方言”が数多く存在したことから、利用企業77社(団体)が「統一UNIX仕様(SPEC1170)」をつくった。その後、標準化団体のエックスオープンX/Open(現、オープン・グループThe Open Group)に引き継がれ拡張された。 [岩田倫典] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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