A region of the cerebral paleocortex located deep within the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex. In recent years, research into the mechanisms of memory in brain physiology has focused on the hippocampus, and there is no doubt about its role as a storage device for new memories. When the left and right hippocampi are removed for the purpose of treating epilepsy, patients suffer from anterograde amnesia, in which they are unable to remember new events after the operation. Furthermore, typical anterograde amnesia is also seen in cases where only a part of the hippocampus, the CA1 region, is destroyed. In addition to these clinical cases, it has been confirmed in experiments using monkeys that destruction of the hippocampus causes memory disorders. Based on these facts, it is believed that the hippocampus functions as a storage device for recent memories until new memories are stabilized as long-term memories. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
大脳皮質側頭葉の奥深くにある大脳古皮質の一領域。近年,脳生理学における記憶のメカニズムの研究は海馬を中心に進んできており,少なくとも新しい記憶の貯蔵装置としての海馬の役割は疑う余地がなくなった。てんかん治療の目的で左右の海馬を切除すると,患者は手術以後の新しい事柄を記憶できない前向性健忘症になる。さらに,海馬の一部の CA1という領域だけが破壊された症例でも典型的な前向性健忘症になる。このような臨床例のほか,サルを用いた実験でも海馬の破壊が記憶障害を引起すことが確かめられている。こうした事実から,海馬は新しい記憶が長期記憶として安定するまでの間,近時記憶の貯蔵装置として働いていると考えられている。
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