Town council

Japanese: town council（英語表記）towncouncil

…In any case, it is noteworthy that the council's policy decisions could no longer be made without ignoring the wishes of the craftsmen's guild. In English, the term town council, in French, échevinage (a group of city officials called échevin, juré, etc.) or corps municipal (municipal government body) are thought to correspond to the city council, but there is no commonly used term. In Japan, the equivalent self-governing organizations were the egoshu (assembly groups) in the port towns of Sakai and Uji during the Muromachi and Sengoku periods. …

From the City Municipalities Act

…Until the 19th century, British city governments were closed oligarchic systems that limited the privileges of local government membership to a small number of freemen, and the offices of mayor, aldermen, common councilmen, and justice of the peace were monopolized by the most powerful among them. However, the Town Councils Act of 1835 abolished 178 old city governments and established town councils in all of them, making them the central body of city administration. The term of office of city council members was three years, with one-third of them up for reelection each year, and the qualifications for voters were set as local tax payers who had lived in the city area for more than three years. …

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "town council" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…いずれにしても参事会の政策決定が手工業者のツンフトの意向を無視しては行いえなくなったという事態は注目されてよいであろう。英語ではtown council，フランス語ではéchevinage(échevin,juréなどと呼ばれた都市役人の集合体)とかcorps municipal(市政機関)などという言葉が市参事会に相当すると思われるが，一般的に用いられる共通用語は見当たらない。日本では，室町･戦国期の港町堺，宇治などの会合衆（えごうしゆう）がこれに相当する自治組織であった。…

【都市自治体法】より

…19世紀にいたるまでのイギリスの都市自治体は，少数の自由民freemenだけに自治体構成員の特権を限定し，市長，特別参事会員aldermen，一般参事会員common councilmen，治安判事等の役職を，その自由民中の有力者で独占するという，閉鎖的な寡頭支配体制であった。しかし，1835年の都市自治体法は，178の旧都市自治体を廃止して，そのすべてに市参事会town councilを創設し，これを市政の中心機関とした。市参事会員の任期は3年で，毎年その3分の1ずつが改選され，選挙人の資格は，当該都市域に3年以上居住する地方税納入者と定められた。…

※「town council」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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