Kaitou (English spelling) xie-dou; hsieh-tou

Japanese: 械闘 - かいとう（英語表記）xie-dou; hsieh-tou

Armed fighting between villages in pre-modern Chinese society. In the rural areas of central and southern China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially clan villages, there was a strong tendency to be closed and exclusive, and not only did they engage in personal acts of revenge, but they often took up arms and tried to resolve disputes over water rights, land borders, tombs, and other matters that affected the interests of the entire village without resorting to the law. This was called kietou, and it was particularly popular in southern China, with its centers in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian and Chaozhou in Guangdong. Its funds came from revenues from clan fields and donations.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国の前近代社会での村落間の武器を持っての闘争。明清代の華中，華南の農村，とりわけ同族村落は，閉鎖的排他的な傾向が強く，個人的な報復行為ばかりでなく，村落全体の利害にかかわる水利，地境，墳墓などの争いについて，法に訴えないで武器を取り，実力で解決しようとすることが多かった。これが械闘で，華南では特に盛んで，福建の漳州や泉州，広東の潮州などがその中心であった。その資金は族田からの収益や寄付金などでまかなわれた。

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