Lenoir, JJÉ. (English spelling) LenoirJJE

Japanese: Lenoir,J.J.É.(英語表記)LenoirJJE
Lenoir, JJÉ. (English spelling) LenoirJJE

…also called a gasoline engine. A spark-ignition internal combustion engine that uses gasoline as fuel. The reciprocating type is mainly used, in which a mixture of gasoline and air is compressed in a cylinder, ignited by an electric spark, and the piston moves back and forth, but rotary engines, in which a rotary piston moves in a planetary motion inside a housing with a cocoon-shaped cross section, have also been put to practical use. In addition, a system has been attempted in which only air is drawn in, rather than a mixture, and gasoline is injected into the cylinder.
[Development History]
The forerunner of the gasoline engine was the gas engine, which used gas as fuel and was created around 1860 by Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir (1822-1900).

From [Internal Combustion Engine]

…A heat engine is a device that continuously converts thermal energy into mechanical energy, but it always requires a working fluid as a medium for energy conversion. That is, heat is given to the working fluid from a high-temperature heat source (heating), some of it is extracted as expansion work, and the remaining heat is discarded to a low-temperature heat source (cooling) to return the working fluid to its original state (this series of operations is called a cycle), and this process is repeated. Depending on the heating method, heat engines are broadly divided into internal combustion and external combustion. In internal combustion engines, the working fluid itself, which is a mixture of fuel and air, is ignited and burned to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure working gas. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Lenoir, JJÉ." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ガソリン機関ともいう。ガソリンを燃料とする火花点火式の内燃機関。ガソリンと空気の混合気をシリンダー内で圧縮し,電気火花で点火燃焼させてピストンに往復運動を行わせる往復動型が主として用いられているが,断面が繭型のハウジングの中をロータリーピストンが遊星運動するロータリーエンジンも実用化されている。このほか,混合気でなく空気のみを吸い込み,ガソリンをシリンダー内に噴射する方式も試みられている。
[発達の歴史]
 ガソリンエンジンの先駆となったのは,燃料としてガスを用いるガス機関であり,1860年ころルノアールJean Joseph Étienne Lenoir(1822‐1900)によってつくられた。…

【内燃機関】より

…熱機関は熱エネルギーを継続的に機械的エネルギーに変える装置であるが,必ずエネルギー変換の媒体として作動流体を必要とする。すなわち作動流体に高温熱源から熱を与え(加熱),その一部を膨張仕事として取り出し,残りの熱を低温熱源に捨てる(冷却)ことにより作動流体を元の状態にもどし(この一連の動作をサイクルという),これを繰り返す。加熱の方法により熱機関は内燃式と外燃式に大別される。内燃式は燃料と空気の混合物よりなる作動流体そのものを着火・燃焼させ,高温高圧の作動ガスを得る方式である。…

※「Lenoir,J.J.É.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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