...In the 18th century, the period when novels reached the peak in both quality and quantity, saw the rise of works such as S. Richardson's Pamela (1740) and Clarissa Harlowe (1747-48), and T. G. Smollett's Humphrey Clinker (1771) in England, Montesquieu's A Persian Letter (1721), Rousseau's The New Héloïse (1761), and Laclos's Dangerous Liaisons (1782), and Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774). 19th century masterpieces that marked the end of the trend included Balzac's Notes on Two Young Wives (1841-42) and Dostoevsky's The Poor People (1846). The emergence of epistolary novels from the late 17th century to the 18th century was based on the social background that, as road networks were developed in European countries and a postal system using mail coaches was established, the exchange of letters gradually became a part of people's daily lives. This is not unrelated to the rise of epistolary literature from the 17th century onwards, as represented by Madame de Sévigné's "Letters." The story of the poor girl Pamela, created by Richardson, which developed from the initial plan to publish a model collection of letters aimed at people who had not written letters until then, is an episode that illustrates the circumstances of this period. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "littérature épistolaire" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…18世紀に入るとイギリスではS.リチャードソンの《パミラ》(1740),《クラリッサ・ハーロー》(1747‐48),T.G.スモレットの《ハンフリー・クリンカー》(1771),フランスではモンテスキューの《ペルシア人の手紙》(1721),ルソーの《新エロイーズ》(1761),ラクロの《危険な関係》(1782),ドイツではゲーテの《若きウェルターの悩み》(1774)など質・量ともに最盛期を迎え,バルザックの《二人の若妻の手記》(1841‐42),ドストエフスキーの《貧しき人々》(1846)などが流行の終りを飾る19世紀の傑作である。 17世紀後半から18世紀にかけての書簡体小説の出現は,ヨーロッパ諸国で道路網が整備され,郵便馬車による郵便制度が確立されるに伴って,手紙の交換がしだいに人々の日常生活の一部になるという社会的背景を基盤としている点では,セビニェ夫人の《書簡集》に代表される17世紀以降の書簡文学littérature épistolaireの隆盛とも無縁ではない。それまで手紙を書くことをしなかった人々を対象とした模範書簡文集の出版という当初の企画が発展して,あわれな娘パミラの物語がリチャードソンによって創作されたのも,この間の事情を示すエピソードである。… ※「littérature épistolaire」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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