madina (English spelling)

Japanese: madīna(英語表記)madina
madina (English spelling)

…Even today, when new European-style towns have developed, courtyard houses are widely found in the Middle East. In particular, in the Maghreb region of North Africa, old towns densely populated with courtyard houses are called medinas (Arabic for city), and are a good example of the traditional Middle Eastern settlement style. In addition, even in the Middle East, which is mainly arid, there are areas with natural conditions such as mountainous regions and large river marshes, and there too, residential styles adapted to the unique natural conditions can be seen.

From [City]

...After the 7th century, the Muslims unified the Oriental world through great conquests, and inherited the heritage of these ancient cities to build their own urban civilization.
[The formation of Islamic cities]
Medieval Arab geographers defined a regional capital as a qaṣaba and other smaller cities as madina. However, in general, any city that is the economic and cultural center of a village, regardless of its size, is called madina or miṣr in the Arab world, and shahr in Iran and Turkey.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "madīna" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ヨーロッパ風の新市街の発展した今日でも,中庭型住居は中東地域に広く見られる。とくに北アフリカのマグリブ地方では,中庭型住居の密集する旧市街は〈メディナmadīna〉(アラビア語で〈都市〉の意味)と呼ばれ,伝統的な中東の集落形態をよく示している。このほか,乾燥地域を主とする中東においても,山岳地帯や大河の湿地帯といった自然条件の下にある地域があり,そこでも特異な自然条件に対応した居住形態が見られる。…

【都市】より

…7世紀以後,大征服によってオリエント世界を統一したイスラム教徒は,これら古代都市の遺産を継承して独自の都市文明を築き上げてゆく。
[イスラム都市の形成]
 中世アラブの地理学者は,一地方の中心都市をカサバqaṣaba,それ以外の中小都市をマディーナmad‐īnaと定義する。しかし一般には規模の大小にかかわりなく,むらに対して経済・文化のかなめとなる都市を,アラブ世界ではマディーナあるいはミスルmiṣrといい,イランやトルコではシャフルshahrと呼ぶ。…

※「madīna」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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