...The counterculture was carried by the New Left, hippies, and commune dwellers, whose foundation was a "highly individualistic sense of community" that was liberated from the "objective" consciousness that was given the dominant authority under technocracy through the "expanded" consciousness mediated by these. According to Theodore Roszak, who established the concept of "counterculture" in society in his book "The Making of a Counterculture" (1968), at its core was the introduction of a shamanistic worldview that relativized the scientific worldview brought about by modern rationalism. From the American literary heritage, HD Thoreau, who hated civilization and materialism and went into the forest alone to practice "poor living and high contemplation," and W. Whitman, who sang of the unity of soul and body in "Leaves of Grass," were called back to life, and poets such as A. Ginsberg of the Beat Generation, who reevaluated them, were also active. From [Anti-Science]… In the late 1960s, criticism of modern science from all angles erupted at once, and anti-science ideology was also reevaluated. The leading thinker in this field was Theodore Roszak (1933- ), an American who advocated counterculture. In Japan, biologist Atsuhiro Shibata advocated his own “anti-science” ideology, which caused a stir. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Roszak, T." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…それらに媒介されて〈拡張された〉意識によって,テクノクラシーのもとで支配的な権威を与えられている〈客観的〉意識から解放された〈著しく個人至上主義的な共同体感覚〉に基盤を置くニューレフト(新左翼),ヒッピー,コミューン生活者によって対抗文化は担われた。 〈対抗文化〉という概念を社会的に確立したローザクTheodore Roszakの《対抗文化の形成》(1968)によれば,その核心にあるのは近代合理主義のもたらした科学的世界観を相対化する,シャーマニズム的な世界観の導入だった。アメリカの文学的遺産からは,文明と物質主義を嫌い,ひとり森に入って〈貧しい生活と高い思索〉を実践した《ウォールデン》のH.D.ソローや《草の葉》で魂と肉体の合一を歌いあげたW.ホイットマンが呼びもどされ,彼らを再評価したビート・ジェネレーションのA.ギンズバーグをはじめとする詩人たちも活躍した。… 【反科学】より… 1960年代末,現代科学に対するあらゆる角度からの批判がいっせいに噴出したが,そのなかで反科学の思想も再評価された。その代表的思想家は,対抗文化countercultureを唱えたアメリカのローザクTheodore Roszak(1933‐ )である。日本では生物学者の柴谷篤弘が独自の〈反科学〉を提唱し,話題を呼んだ。… ※「Roszak,T.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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