Markt

Japanese: Markt

… The cities that were established in Western European society, which had been in this state until around the 9th century, contained the seeds of markets that would later function as price-setting markets. Markets that were first held on holidays near royal castles, distribution centers for goods, and churches and monasteries eventually came to be divided into annual markets (Jahrmarkt), which attracted a wide range of visitors, and weekly markets (Wochenmarkt), which served the household needs of nearby peasants. Annual markets were often held on Christian holidays such as the dedication of churches, and some lasted for one to two weeks. …

From the Regular Market

…Until the end of the 12th century, 90% of charters for market establishments in Germany were given to the clergy. At the same time as the market was held, a market cross, or market flag, was erected to guarantee the peace of the market. It was a symbol of the protection that the king gave to the city and the church. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Markt" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　9世紀ころまでこのような状況であった西欧社会のなかに成立した都市は，のちに価格形成市場としての機能をもつことになる市場の萌芽を内包するものであった。はじめ王侯の居城や商品集散地，そして教会，修道院の近くで祝祭日に開かれていた市は，やがて広範囲にわたる訪問者をもつ歳市Jahrmarktと近隣農民の家計の必要のための週市Wochenmarktに分けられるようになった。歳市はキリスト教の献堂式などの祭日に開かれることが多く，1日から2週間位つづくものもあった。…