A colony held by Britain in the Malay Peninsula. The British East India Company acquired Penang in 1786 and Singapore in 1819 as colonies. Together with Malacca, which was handed over from the Netherlands in 1824, they came under the jurisdiction of the Bengal Province of the East India Company in 1826 and were called the Straits Settlements. In 1851, they became direct colonies of the Governor-General of India, and in 1858 they came under the jurisdiction of the India Office, and in 1866 they came under the jurisdiction of the Colonial Office. Britain's initial intention was to make these areas into production areas for commercial crops, but this was unsuccessful, and they mainly operated as international trading ports. As a result, Singapore overtook Penang and Malacca and became one of the centers of British activity in East Asia and Southeast Asia. The Governor of the Straits Settlements was the de facto ruler of British Malaya, which was made up of the Federated States, the Unfederated States and the Straits Settlements. After the Second World War, Britain abandoned it and the Straits Settlements were divided into three states: Singapore, Penang and Malacca, with Penang and Malacca becoming part of the Federation of Malaya. Singapore became a self-governing state in 1959, and after gaining full independence in 1963, it joined the Federation of Malaysia, but separated and became independent in 1965. [Shigeru Ikuta] "Modern History of Southeast Asia II" by Yukiura Ikehata and Shigeru Ikuta (1977, Yamakawa Publishing) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスがマレー半島に保有した植民地。イギリス東インド会社は1786年にはペナン、1819年にはシンガポールを植民地として獲得し、24年にオランダから譲渡されたマラッカとともに26年に東インド会社のベンガル管区の管轄下に置かれ、海峡植民地Straits Settlementsとよばれた。1851年インド総督の直轄植民地となり、58年インド省の所管、66年には植民地省の所管となった。イギリスの最初の意図は、これら各地を商品作物の産地とすることであったが、これは成功せず、国際貿易港としての活動が主となった。その結果、シンガポールがペナン、マラッカを圧倒し、イギリスの東アジア、東南アジアにおける活動の中心地の一つとなった。 海峡植民地の知事は、連合州、非連合州、海峡植民地によって形成されるイギリス領マラヤの実質的な支配者であった。第二次世界大戦後イギリスはこれを放棄し、海峡植民地はシンガポール、ペナン、マラッカの3州に分かれ、ペナン、マラッカはマラヤ連邦の一員となった。シンガポールは1959年自治国となり、63年完全独立ののちマレーシア連邦に加盟したが、65年に分離独立した。 [生田 滋] 『池端雪浦・生田滋著『東南アジア現代史Ⅱ』(1977・山川出版社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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