Gaius - Gaius (English spelling)

Date of birth and death unknown. Roman jurist from the 2nd century. Not only his life but also his full name is unknown. His correct name is Gaius. "Gaius" is thought to be one of the three personal names of Romans. He is thought to have been from a province. Unlike other jurists of his time, he was a pure scholar who held no government position and did not have the right to answer questions from the emperor. His main work, " Institutiones " (c. 160), is thought to have been used as a textbook for first-year students at Eastern law schools in the 4th and 5th centuries, and also became the basis for Justinian's "Institutiones". Many of his theories influenced later generations, such as the classification of law into the law of persons, the law of things, and the law of actions, and the classification of things into tangible and intangible.

[Yuge Tatsuya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

生没年不詳。2世紀ごろの古代ローマの法学者。生涯のみならずフルネームも不詳。正しくはガーユス。「ガイウス」は、ローマ人の三つの名前のうち個人名にあたると考えられている。属州出身者と思われる。同時代の他の法学者と異なり、官職にもつかず、皇帝の諮問に答える解答権ius respondendiももたない純粋の学究だった。彼の主著である『法学提要』Institutiones（160ころ）は、4、5世紀に東部の法律学校の1年生用のテキストに用いられたものと思われ、ユスティニアヌスの『法学提要』の基礎ともなった。法律を、人personaeの法、物resの法、訴訟actionesの法に分けた分類、物を有体物と無体物に分けた分類など、後世に影響を与えた理論が多い。

［弓削　達］

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