Nieuwenhuis, D.

...Participants heard reports on the experiences of the movement in each country and region, and discussed such topics as labor protection legislation, labor union organization, strikes, agricultural issues, education issues, and the attitude of socialists against militarism and war. However, the biggest focus of attention during this period was the conflict between the German Social Democratic Party and others who considered "legislative and parliamentary action to be an essential means" for the realization of socialism, and so-called "anarchists" such as Domela Nieuwenhuis (1846-1919) of the Netherlands, who was anti-parliamentary and emphasized general strikes. This issue was finally resolved when a resolution to exclude "anarchists" was passed at the London convention. This was also the process by which the German Social Democratic Party, which had quickly become the largest party in terms of vote share in the Imperial Diet election of 1890 and had rapidly expanded its influence after the expiration of the "Socialist Suppression Act" that same year, began to take the lead in the international arena. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Nieuwenhuis, D." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…参加者は各国各地域の運動体験について報告を聞き，労働者保護立法，労働組合の組織，ストライキ，農業問題，教育問題，そして軍国主義，戦争に反対する社会主義者の態度などについて議論を行った。しかし，この時期，最大の焦点となったのは，社会主義の実現のために〈立法･議会行動を必須の一手段〉と考えるドイツ社会民主党をはじめとする人びとと，反議会主義的でゼネストを重視するオランダのドメラ･ニーウェンハイスDomela Nieuwenhuis(1846‐1919)のような，いわゆる〈アナーキスト〉との対立であり，この問題は，ロンドン大会で〈アナーキスト〉の排除決議が採択されてようやく決着がついた。それは，1890年の帝国議会選挙に際し得票率では早くも第一党になり，同年〈社会主義者鎮圧法〉が失効してから急速に党勢を伸ばしたドイツ社会民主党が，国際的な場で主導権を取っていく過程でもあった。…

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