The sanctuary of Zeus in the region of Elis in the western Peloponnese, Greece. It is also written as Olympia. It is the site of the Olympic Games. It is located on the north bank of the Alpheios River, surrounded by low hills on three sides, and is a fertile area. The remains of early Bronze Age settlements have been found in the surrounding area, but the history of the sanctuary dates back to the early Iron Age, around 1000 BC. At the time, the sanctuary was controlled by neighboring Pisa together with Elis, but Elis, who allied with Sparta, gradually increased its influence, and from 570 BC onwards, Elis became the religious director of Olympia and Sparta its political protector. The site flourished as the center of Zeus worship and the site of the Olympic Games (ancient Olympic Games) held every four years, and temples and treasuries were built there. Particularly important temples include the Temple of Zeus, one of the largest Doric temples in Greece, and the Temple of Hera, the oldest in Olympia. The festival continued to thrive until it was banned by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I in 393. It was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1989. The modern Olympic Games were proposed by the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin as a revival of the Olympiad Festival. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代ギリシア,ペロポネソス半島西部のエリス地方にあったゼウスの神域。オリンピアとも表記される。オリュンピア競技会の行なわれた場所。アルフェイオス川北岸に位置し,三方を低い丘に囲まれた肥沃な土地。初期青銅器時代の住居跡が周辺から発見されているが,神域の歴史は初期鉄器時代,前 1000年前後にさかのぼる。当時,神域は隣のピサがエリスとともに支配していたが,スパルタと連合したエリスはしだいにその介入度を強め,前 570年以降はエリスがオリュンピアの宗教的監督者,スパルタがその政治的擁護者となった。この地はゼウスの信仰の中心地として,また4年ごとに行なわれたオリュンピアの祭典 (古代オリンピック) の開催地として栄え,神殿,宝庫などが建設された。特に重要なものとして,ギリシア最大のドーリス式神殿の一つであるゼウスの神殿,オリュンピアで最古のヘラの神殿などがある。 393年ローマ皇帝テオドシウス1世により祭典が禁止されるまで,その繁栄は続いた。 1989年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。なお,近代のオリンピック競技大会は,フランスの P.クーベルタンが,オリュンピアの祭典の復興を提唱したものである。
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