Horakuin - Black Inn

Located in the southern part of the Daidairi of the Heian Palace, west of the Chodoin, this was a place for banquets held by the Imperial Court. It was used for Daijoe, Sechie, banquets, banquets, and archery ceremonies. It was built around 800 (19th year of the Enryaku era), and the Konjaku Monogatarishu states that since it was built by craftsmen from Hida, it must have been a magnificent structure. The vast grounds, measuring 56 jo (approximately 170 meters) from east to west and 136 jo 4 shaku (approximately 413 meters) from north to south, are surrounded on all four sides by built fences, and have eight gates, including the Togakumon Gate in the south. The layout is as follows: to the north is the main hall, the Horakuden, with the Seisho-do Hall behind it, and the Toka-do Hall and Seika-do Hall and other buildings and towers lined up to the east and west, with the Giranmon Gate in the center to the south, connected by a corridor.

Horakuden was originally called Kenrinkaku, but was renamed after the main hall of Shinsen-en Garden was given this name. It is a south-facing building with eaves on all four sides of the main building, which is nine bays from east to west and two from north to south. In the center of the main building is an earthen platform on which the Takamikura (high throne) was placed, and during ceremonies, seats were set up for the crown prince and empress on the east and west sides. As the activities of the imperial court became centered around the Imperial Palace, it fell out of use, and according to the "Okagami," in the 10th century it fell into such disrepair that it was used as a place for tests of courage. It was never rebuilt after it burned down in 1063 (Kohei 6).

[Sanae Yoshida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安宮大内裏(だいだいり)の南部、朝堂院の西にある、朝廷の宴(うたげ)の場。大嘗会(だいじょうえ)、節会(せちえ)、賜宴、饗宴(きょうえん)、射礼(じゃらい)などの場となった。800年（延暦19）ころ建設されており、『今昔物語集』には、豊楽院は飛騨(ひだ)の工(たくみ)が建てたのだからすばらしいものにちがいないと書かれている。東西56丈（約170メートル）、南北136丈4尺（約413メートル）の広大な敷地の四方を築垣(ついがき)で囲み、南にある豊楽門など八門が開く。配置は、北に正殿の豊楽殿、その後方に清暑(せいしょ)堂、東西に並ぶ東華(とうか)堂・西華(せいか)堂以下の堂と楼が並び、南中央に儀鸞門(ぎらんもん)があり廊で結ばれている。

　豊楽殿はもと乾臨閣(けんりんかく)といったが、神泉苑(しんせんえん)の正殿にこの名をつけたため改名された。東西九間、南北二間の母屋(もや)の四面に廂(ひさし)がある南向きの建物である。母屋中央に高御座(たかみくら)を置いた土壇があり、儀式のときには東西に皇太子・皇后の座を設けた。やがて朝廷の活動が内裏中心になるにつれて使用されなくなり、『大鏡』によれば10世紀には胆試(きもだめ)しの場となるほど、荒廃してしまったという。1063年（康平6）全焼してからは再建されることもなかった。

［吉田早苗］

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