Participant observation

Japanese: participant observation(英語表記)participantobservation
Participant observation

…He also deepened his exchanges with social sciences and cultural anthropology, and engaged in a wide range of activities, but died in Paris while attending an international conference at UNESCO. The basic feature of his theory is that he emphasized the significance of interpersonal relationships, and his theory points out the relationship between personality formation and mental disorders and empathy and anxiety between mothers and children in infancy, the concept of participant observation, which states that doctors cannot observe patients as objective objects, but observe them while influencing each other in human relationships, and the concept of parataxic distortion, which focuses on the irrational and unrealistic psychology that operates between doctors and patients. The only book published during his lifetime was “Concepts of Modern Psychiatry” (1940), but after his death, his disciples published “Interpersonal Psychiatry” (1953), “The Psychiatric Interview” (1954), and “Clinical Research in Psychiatry” (1956), based on his lecture records. …

From [Social Anthropology]

...(1) The subject is a small society, or a small, independent community within a larger society. (2) The research is conducted by living in the target area for an extended period of time, and through participant observation, the researcher places himself in the flow of life in the target society and takes a perspective from that flow. (3) The analysis is aimed at exploring the functions of the various institutions and elements of the target society in forming an integrated social system, and how they function. ...

From [Malinowski]

...But his true worth as a researcher was shown in his research in the Trobriand Islands, east of New Guinea, which he conducted from 1914 to 1918. The research method he used, in which a single researcher conducted long-term observations while using the local language and participating in the life of the society in question (participant observation), remains the model for anthropological field research to this day. After returning to London from this research, he published a series of books based on the materials he had obtained, on the Trobriand Islanders' ritual exchanges called kura (Voyagers of the Western Pacific, 1922), sexual customs, agricultural magic, and law and customs. He also taught anthropology at the London School, and in 1927 became the university's first professor of social anthropology. ...

*Some of the terminology used in this article refers to "participant observation."

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…社会科学,文化人類学との交流も深め,広範な活動をしたが,ユネスコの国際会議出席中,パリで客死した。 彼の理論の基本的特徴は対人関係の意義を重視した点にあり,パーソナリティの形成や精神障害と幼児期の母子間の共感empathyや不安の関係を指摘した理論,医師は患者を客観的対象として観察することはできず,人間関係の中で相互に影響し合いながら観察するのだという〈関与しながらの観察participant observation〉の概念,医師患者間に働く不合理な非現実的心理に注目した〈パラタクシックな歪曲parataxic distortion〉の概念などが広く知られている。生前刊行された著書は《現代精神医学の概念》(1940)だけであったが,死後弟子たちによって,講義記録をもとに,《対人関係の精神医学》(1953)や《精神医学的面接》(1954),《精神医学における臨床研究》(1956)などが刊行された。…

【社会人類学】より

…(1)対象は小さな社会,あるいは大きな社会の中の小さな独立性のある共同体であること。(2)調査は対象地域に長期間住み込み,参与観察participant observationという,調査者自身も対象の社会の生活の流れの中に身を置き,その中に視点を持つ形で行われること。(3)分析は,当該の社会の各制度や要素がいかなる機能をもって統合された社会システムを構成し,かついかに働いているかを探るところにあること。…

【マリノフスキー】より

…しかし研究者としての真価が発揮されたのは,14年から18年にかけて行ったニューギニア東部のトロブリアンド諸島における調査によってである。彼がこのときに行った,一人の調査者が長期にわたって,現地語を用い,当該社会の生活に加わりながら観察を行う(参与観察participant observation),という調査法は,現在に至るまで人類学の野外調査の範型となっている。この調査からロンドンに戻った彼は,その調査資料に基づき,トロブリアンド諸島民のクラと呼ばれる儀礼的交換(《西太平洋の航海者達》1922),性をめぐる慣習,農耕等の呪術,法と慣習などに関し次々と著作を刊行し,また前述のロンドン・スクールで人類学を講じ,27年には同大学の最初の社会人類学教授となった。…

※「participant observation」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  Parti Catholic (English spelling)

>>:  participatory democracy

Recommend

Goro - Goro

[1] 〘 noun 〙① The fifth son. Fifth son. ※Yamato (a...

Nguyen Phuoc Anh (English notation) Nguyen Phuoc Anh

…The first emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietn...

Lesser ape (English spelling) Lesserape

…In English, anthropoids are called apes, but the...

Kapur

...The heartwood of this genus is reddish brown t...

New Education - Shinkyoiku

Broadly speaking, it means an attempt at a new ed...

Scrutiny (English spelling)

A British quarterly literary critic. Founded in 19...

Courtaulds [company] - Courtaulds

A major British chemical manufacturer established ...

Diakon

…The original word means “women who serve” and is...

Equestrian Park - Bajikoen

An equestrian center in Setagaya, Tokyo. It opened...

Cricket - cricket

A game similar to baseball, played mainly in the ...

Tone [town] - Tone

A town in Kitasoma County in southern Ibaraki Pref...

Ten Years in Japan

…After serving as minister and ambassador to Denm...

clarifyingfilter

…(d) Centrifugal filter A model that uses filter ...

Astarabad (English spelling)

…A city and region in northern Iran. It was calle...

Alpi Pennine (English spelling)

…the main peak of the Pennine Alps, which stands ...