Nakasendai Rebellion - Nakasendai Rebellion

In 1335 (Kenmu 2), Tokiyuki, the surviving son of Hojo Takatoki, plotted to restore the Kamakura Shogunate and started a rebellion against the Kenmu government. The Hojo clan of the Kamakura period is called the "sendai" (predecessor) and the Ashikaga clan of the Muromachi Shogunate is called the "todai" (present), whereas Tokiyuki was called the "nakasendai" (middle successor). Immediately after the fall of the Kamakura Shogunate, rebellions by the Hojo clan's ruling party occurred frequently all over the country. In the midst of this, in June 1333 (Genko 3, Shokei 2), a plot to assassinate Emperor Godaigo by Yasuie (who had changed his name to Tokioki) and Saionji Kinmune, the younger brother of Hojo Takatoki, was discovered. Tokiyuki, who was supposed to respond to this plan, raised an army in Shinano with Suwa Yorishige and others the following month. He defeated the army of the guardian Ogasawara Sadamune, fought against the Ashikaga army at Onakagehara (Hidaka City, Saitama Prefecture), Kotesashigahara (Tokorozawa City, Saitama Prefecture), and Fuchu (Fuchu City, Tokyo), and defeated the army of Tadayoshi at Idenosawa (Machida City, Tokyo). On the 25th, he recaptured his homeland of Kamakura and established the official office. However, he was defeated by Takauji, who came down from Kyoto to help Tadayoshi's army, in battles at Hashimoto (Hamana District, Shizuoka Prefecture), Hakone, Sagami River, and other battles, and on August 19, after only 20 days, Kamakura was taken. For this reason, the incident is also called the "Twenty Days' War." Suwa Yorishige committed suicide. Tokiyuki escaped. As a result, Takauji, who had entered Kamakura, refused to obey Emperor Godaigo's repeated orders to come to Kyoto, proclaimed himself Shogun, and rebelled against the Kenmu government, taking the first step towards establishing the Ashikaga government.

[Takayuki Okutomi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1335年（建武2）、北条高時(たかとき)の遺児時行(ときゆき)が鎌倉幕府再興を企図し、建武(けんむ)政府に対して起こした乱。鎌倉時代の北条氏を「先代(せんだい)」、室町幕府の足利氏を「当代(とうだい)」とよぶのに対し、時行を「中先代」ということから、このように称される。鎌倉幕府滅亡の直後から北条氏与党の反乱が各地で頻発した。そのようななかで33年（元弘3・正慶2）6月、後醍醐(ごだいご)天皇を暗殺しようとする北条高時の弟泰家(やすいえ)（時興(ときおき)と改名）、西園寺公宗(さいおんじきんむね)の陰謀が発覚した。この計画に呼応するはずであった時行は、翌月諏訪頼重(すわよりしげ)らとともに信濃(しなの)で挙兵。守護小笠原貞宗(おがさわらさだむね)の軍を破り、女影原(おなかげはら)（埼玉県日高市）、小手指ヶ原(こてさしがはら)（埼玉県所沢市）、府中(ふちゅう)（東京都府中市）において足利軍と戦い、井出沢(いでのさわ)（東京都町田市）においては、直義(ただよし)軍を撃破した。25日、故地鎌倉を奪還、公文所(くもんじょ)を設置した。しかし直義軍の援助のため京都から下ってきた尊氏(たかうじ)に、橋本（静岡県浜名郡）、箱根、相模(さがみ)川などの戦いに敗れ、8月19日、わずか20日ばかりで鎌倉を奪われた。このことから、「二十日先代の乱」ともよぶ。諏訪頼重は自刃。時行は逃れた。これにより鎌倉入りした尊氏は、たび重なる後醍醐天皇の上洛(じょうらく)命令に従わず、征夷(せいい)大将軍を自称し、建武政権に謀反、足利政権樹立の第一歩を踏み出した。

［奥富敬之］

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