Zhang Zǎo (English name)

Japanese: 張璪 - ちょうそう（英語表記）Zhāng Zǎo

A Chinese painter from the mid-Tang Dynasty. Dates of birth and death unknown. His pen name was Wen Tong. He was from Wu Commandery (Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He held the ranks of Inspector of the Shrine Department and Magistrate of Salt and Iron. He was skilled in painting trees and stones, and landscapes, and is said to have used only a bald brush, rubbed the silk with his hands, or used two brushes at the same time. He was particularly skilled at depicting pine trees, and painted with ink and water in an extremely arrogant and powerful manner, achieving the ultimate in realism. Zhang Yanyuan said that tree and stone painting reached its peak through Zhang Shi. He is also famous for his answer to Bi Hong, "Outside, I follow the teachings of nature, and inside, I draw from the source of my heart."

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，唐中期の画家。生没年不詳。字は文通。呉郡(江蘇省蘇州)の人。官は検校祠部員外郎，塩鉄判官に至った。樹石，山水を得意とし，禿筆（とくひつ）だけを用いたり，手で画絹をこすったり，また一時に2本の筆を操ったといい，とくに松の表現にすぐれ，水墨によって激しく傲（おご）り凌（しの）ぐさまにかき，迫真性を極めていた。張彦遠は，樹石画は張璪によって頂点に達したという。また畢宏（ひつこう）に答えた〈外は造化を師とし，内は心源に得たり〉の言葉は有名である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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