Maurice Hauriou

Japanese: オーリウ - おーりう(英語表記)Maurice Hauriou
Maurice Hauriou

French public law and legal philosopher. Born in Ladille, Charente. Professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Toulouse. Auriux also had a deep knowledge of sociology, and proposed a legal theory based on sociology. Along with Duguy, he was a leading figure in the field of French public law at the time. A Catholic and a believer in traditional liberalism and individualism, Auriux strongly opposed the theory of legal personality, just like Duguy. On the other hand, he also opposed Duguy's view that law is generated and developed in society, completely independent of the state. He proposed reconstructing the theory of legal personality from an objective legal perspective, and created the "theory of institutions." In his analysis of the process by which legal ideals permeate social reality, Auriux found that norms are established by the initiative of authorities, and on the other hand, when the norms are in line with justice, they become customary law through popular acceptance, eventually creating a social equilibrium, and thus the ideals bring order to reality. He believed that institutions are born from this balance, and that these institutions are the source of law. Based on the theory of institutions, Auriu established a new theory of public law that overcame traditional theories in his Principles of Public Law (1910, 1916), and had a great influence especially in the field of administrative law.

[Kazuyuki Takahashi]

[References] | Duggy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの公法・法哲学者。シャラント県ラディーユに生まれる。トゥールーズ大学法学部教授。法学者オーリウは社会学にも造詣(ぞうけい)が深く、社会学を基礎にした法理論を提唱し、デュギーと並んで当時のフランス公法学界を代表した。カトリック教徒で、伝統的な自由主義、個人主義を信奉したオーリウは、デュギーと同じく、法人格理論に強く反対したが、他方、デュギーが法を国家とはまったく無関係に社会のなかで生成、発展するとみることにも反対し、法人格理論を客観法的観点から再構成することを提唱し、「制度の理論」を生んだ。オーリウは、法の理念が社会的現実のなかに浸透していく過程の分析のなかから、権威者のイニシアティブによる規範の定立が存在することをみいだし、他方で、その規範が正義に適合しているときには民衆による受容によって慣習法化し、やがてそこに社会的均衡が生まれ、かくして理念が現実を秩序づけるに至ることを確認した。制度はこの均衡によって生まれるものであり、この制度こそが法の源泉であると考えた。オーリウは制度の理論を基礎に『公法原論』Principes de droit public(1910、1916)において伝統的な理論を克服する新たな公法理論を確立し、とくに行政法の領域において大きな影響を与えた。

[高橋和之]

[参照項目] | デュギー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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