Pentactula

Japanese: pentactula
Pentactula

…The phylogenetic relationships of echinoderms are unclear, but it is assumed that they evolved from sessile species such as crinoids to mobile species such as sea urchins and starfish, with the sessile species flourishing in the Paleozoic era and the mobile species flourishing in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. The common ancestor of echinoderms is thought to be the amphipod Dipleurula or the five-spoked Pentactula, but it is expected that their origin or the beginning of their divergence dates back to the Precambrian era. Echinoderm fossils of sea buds, crinoids, starfish, brittle stars, and sea urchins are known from various geological periods in Japan, but little research has been done on them except for sea urchins. …

From [Sea cucumber]

...There is only one gonad, which opens on the back near the tentacles. After the eggs are fertilized in the sea, they hatch and become auricularia, then doliolaria, and pentactula before becoming adults, but some become doliolaria immediately. The sea cucumber's cloaca often houses the sea cucumber, which is about 15 cm long.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pentactula" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…棘皮動物の系統上の相互関係は明らかでないが,ウミユリ類のような固着性の仲間からウニ,ヒトデのような移動性のものへ進化したことが推定され,固着性の仲間は古生代に,移動性の仲間は中生代,新生代に繁栄した。棘皮動物の共通の祖先は,蠕虫(ぜんちゆう)類の両側虫Dipleurula,または五輻(ごふく)虫Pentactulaが考えられているが,その起源,または分岐の開始期は先カンブリア時代までさかのぼることが予想される。日本の棘皮動物化石は,ウミツボミ類,ウミユリ類,ヒトデ類,クモヒトデ類,ウニ類などが各地の各地質時代から知られているが,ウニ類を除いてはほとんど研究がなされていない。…

【ナマコ(海鼠)】より

…生殖腺は1個のみで,触手付近の背中側に開口する。海中で受精した卵は孵化(ふか)したあと,アウリクラリア幼生auriculariaとなり,次いでドリオラリア幼生doliolaria,ペンタクチュラ幼生pentactulaに変態して成体になるが,すぐにドリオラリア幼生になるものもある。 フジナマコの総排出腔には体長15cm内外のカクレウオがよく共生する。…

※「pentactula」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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