Penzias, AA (English spelling) PenziasAA

Japanese: Penzias,A.A.(英語表記)PenziasAA
Penzias, AA (English spelling) PenziasAA

…It is also called 3K radiation because the strength of the radio waves is equivalent to an absolute temperature of about 3K, and cosmic blackbody radiation because the spectrum of the radio waves has the properties of blackbody radiation. This type of radio wave was discovered in 1965 by American engineers AAPenzias and RW Wilson. According to the Big Bang theory, the early universe was a period of high temperature and high density, and the universe was completely opaque. …

From [Big Bang]

…However, at that time, direct evidence of the Big Bang had not yet been observed, and Gamow's theory did not receive much attention, except from a few people. However, in 1964, American physicists Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson discovered that the universe is filled with light (cosmic microwave background radiation) at a very low temperature of 3K. At the same time, theoretical physicists P.J.E. Peebles and R.H. Dicke revealed that this was a trace of the hot early universe, and it was confirmed that the theoretically predicted amount of element synthesis in the early universe was in good agreement with the observed facts, and the Big Bang theory was established. Recently, as the more fundamental structure of matter has been revealed, the state of the high-temperature, high-density era that goes back even further than the era of element synthesis has been studied in cosmology, and it is no longer a dream to solve more philosophical problems such as the origin of matter itself and the origin of the Big Bang itself as physical problems. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Penzias, AA" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…電波の強度が絶対温度約3Kに相当することから3K放射,電波のスペクトルが黒体放射の性質を有することから宇宙黒体放射などとも呼ばれる。 この電波は,1965年,アメリカの技術者ペンジアスA.A.PenziasとウィルソンR.W.Wilsonによって発見された。ビッグバン宇宙論によれば,宇宙の初期には高温,高密度の時期があり,宇宙はまったく不透明であったと考えられている。…

【ビッグバン】より

…しかし,そのころはまだ,ビッグバンの直接の証拠は観測されておらず,少数の人々を除いて,ガモフの理論は,あまり着目されなかった。しかし,64年,アメリカの物理学者ペンジャスArno A.PenziasとウィルソンRobert W.Wilsonによって,3Kという非常に低温の光(宇宙背景放射)が宇宙を満たしていることが発見され,同時に,ピーブルスP.J.E.PeeblesやディッケR.H.Dickeらの理論物理学者によって,これが熱い初期宇宙の痕跡であることが明らかにされ,さらに,理論的に予見される宇宙初期の元素合成量が,観測事実とよく一致することが確認されてビッグバン理論は確立した。 最近,物質のより基本的な構造が明らかにされるに従って,宇宙論においても元素合成の時代よりさらにさかのぼった高温高密度の時代のようすが研究されており,物質そのものの起源やビッグバンそのものの起源といったより哲学的な問題が,物理の問題として解明されるのも夢ではなくなってきている。…

※「Penzias,A.A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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