philosophische Anthropologie (English notation) philosophische Anthropologie

…Then in 1903 it was used to mean "the study of the unity of the natural and spiritual aspects of man", and in 1911 it was translated as "theory of man" within the theological system, and in the Taisho and Showa periods it was also translated as "theory of human nature" or "theology of human nature", but it was only since the beginning of the Showa period that it became established as "anthropology" or "philosophical anthropology". The background to this is the acceptance and progress in understanding of the anthropology of Kant and LA Feuerbach, and the "philosophical anthropology philosophische Anthropologie" pioneered by M. Scheler and discussed by Heidegger. In the West, the original term originally referred to the theory of human nature, particularly psychology, physiology, and anatomy, which dealt with the mind and body. From the 18th century onwards, reflection on and empirical consideration of human cultural characteristics was added, and from the 19th century onwards, physical anthropology and cultural anthropology were established. In the 20th century, the various studies that dealt with human activities and products came to be collectively referred to as human sciences. However, it was not until the late 1920s, when Scheler, Plessner and others made their case, that theoretical and comprehensive consideration of the essence of human beings was established as philosophical anthropology.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "philosophische Anthropologie" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…続いて1903年には〈人間の自然的･精神的側面の統一の学〉の意味に用いられ，11年には神学体系の内部で〈人間論〉，大正･昭和期には〈人性論〉〈人性学〉とも訳されたが，〈人間学〉〈哲学的人間学〉として定着するのは昭和期初頭以来である。その背景にはカントやL.A.フォイエルバハの人間学，M.シェーラーが開拓しハイデッガーも論じる〈哲学的人間学philosophische Anthropologie〉などの受容と了解の進展がある。　西洋でも，成立当初の原語は人間の自然本性の理論，とくに心と身体とを対象とする心理学と身体学，解剖学を指し，18世紀以降は人間の文化的特質への反省と経験的考察とが加わり，19世紀以降，自然人類学，文化人類学が成立し，20世紀には人間の営為と所産とを対象とする諸学が人間科学と総称されるに至るが，人間の本質に関する理論的･総合的考察が哲学的人間学として成立するのは，1920年代後半のシェーラー，プレスナーなどの主張以来のことであった。…

※「philosophische Anthropologie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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