...In the United States, as a rule, trials are conducted by juries made up of citizens who are laypeople in law and fact-finding, so long trials are impossible. Therefore, trials (formal trials) are conducted intensively, directly, and orally. To make this possible, systems for trial preparation, such as discovery (a system for obtaining information such as evidence from the opposing party or third parties before the trial) and pretrial conferences (meetings for formal trial preparation procedures), have been established. In addition, West Germany enacted the "Simplified Act" (implemented in 1977) to promote litigation. ... *Some of the terminology used in "pre-trial conference" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アメリカでは,法律と事実認定に素人の市民で構成される陪審で裁判をするのが原則であるために長期の審理が不可能である。そこで,トライアルtrial(正式審理)では集中審理,直接主義,口頭主義が貫徹され,これを可能とするために,ディスカバリーdiscovery(トライアルの前に相手方や第三者から証拠等の情報を得る制度)やプリトライアル・コンファレンスpre‐trial conference(正式審理準備手続のための会合)等,トライアル準備の制度が設けられている。また,西ドイツでは,訴訟促進のために〈簡素化法〉を制定(1977施行)した。… ※「pre-trial conference」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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