Oharida Shrine - Oharida no Miya

The palace of Empress Suiko. According to the "Nihon Shoki," Empress Suiko, who ascended to the throne at Toyoura Palace, moved to Okinada Palace in 603 (the 11th year of the reign of Empress Suiko), and lived there for 25 years until her death. Together with Prince Shotoku and Soga no Umako, the emperor carried out various reforms here, such as establishing the Twelve Ranks of Captivity, selecting the Seventeen Articles of the Constitution, dispatching envoys to the Sui Dynasty, and compiling the Chronicles of the Emperor and the Chronicles of the Country. Reconstructing the palace from the article in the "Nihon Shoki," we can see that Okinada Palace had the basic structure of a Japanese palace, with the South Gate (Palace Gate), the Court Garden, the Office, the Great Gate (Koumon), and the Great Hall from the south, and the Imperial Palace to the north and the Court Garden with multiple court halls to the south. The most likely location is the area of ​​"Furumiya", a small district north of Toyoura, Asuka Village, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture, where a gilt bronze four-ringed jar was excavated in 1970 (Showa 45). Excavations conducted there uncovered a large ditch made of cobblestones, constructed between the early and mid-7th century, a garden consisting of a pond and small ditch made of cobblestones, and a building built with pillars sunk into the ground at the rear of the garden, but the condition of the central part is unknown. According to historical documents, Omiyama Palace continued to exist until the Nara period, although in a different form, after the reign of Empress Suiko.

[Yoshiharu Nakao]

"Asuka-Fujiwara Palace Excavation Report I" (1976), edited and published by the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties; "Capitals and the Ritsuryo State" by Toshio Kishi (included in "Iwanami Lecture Series: Japanese History 2: Ancient History 2", 1975, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

推古(すいこ)天皇の宮室。『日本書紀』によると、豊浦宮(とゆらのみや)に即位した推古天皇は、603年（推古天皇11）小墾田宮に移り、崩御するまでの25年間ここに宮室を営んだ。天皇は聖徳太子、蘇我馬子(そがのうまこ)とともに、冠位十二階の制定、憲法十七条の選述、遣隋使(けんずいし)の派遣、天皇記・国記の編纂(へんさん)などの諸改革をここで行った。『日本書紀』の記事から復原すると、小墾田宮は、南から南門（宮門）、朝庭(ちょうてい)、庁、大門（閤門(こうもん)）、大殿を備えており、北に内裏(だいり)、南に複数の朝堂をもつ朝庭が位置するという日本の宮室の基本構造が成立していたことがうかがえる。所在地としては、かつて金銅製四環壺(つぼ)の出土した奈良県高市(たかいち)郡明日香(あすか)村豊浦(とようら)北方の小字「古宮」の地が有力で、1970年（昭和45）発掘調査された。その結果7世紀の初頭から中ごろにかけて造営された玉石組(たまいしぐみ)大溝、玉石組の池や小溝からなる庭園、庭園後方の掘立て柱建物などが検出されたが、中心部の状況は不明である。文献によると小墾田宮は推古朝後も形を変えて奈良時代まで存続した。

［中尾芳治］

『奈良国立文化財研究所編・刊『飛鳥・藤原宮発掘調査報告Ⅰ』（1976）』▽『岸俊男著「都城と律令国家」（『岩波講座　日本歴史2　古代2』所収・1975・岩波書店）』

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