Goring, C.

Japanese: Goring,C.(英語表記)GoringC
Goring, C.


[Biological and psychological factors of crime]
It can be said that empirical criminological research began in the late 19th century in Europe. The Italian Lombroso, the father of criminal anthropology and author of De criminologie (1876), based his anatomical and psychiatric findings on criminals, argued that some criminals have certain physical and mental characteristics that inevitably lead them to commit crimes, and advocated the "born criminal" theory, which explains this through atavism. This theory was later rejected by researchers such as C. Goring, but Lombroso made a great contribution as a pioneer of empirical research on criminals. After Lombroso, biological and psychiatric research that emphasized the nature of criminals as the cause of crime was developed as "criminology" by T. Viernstein, A. Lenz, F. Exner, and others, especially in Germany and Austria in the first half of the 20th century.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Goring, C." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[犯罪の生物学的・心理学的要因]
 実証的な犯罪学研究は19世紀後半のヨーロッパに始まるといえるが,犯罪人類学の祖で《犯罪人論》(1876)を著したイタリアのロンブローゾは,犯罪人についての解剖学的調査結果や精神医学的知見に基づいて,犯罪人の中には一定の身体的・精神的特徴を具備した者がおり,このような者は必然的に犯罪におちいるものであるとし,これを隔世遺伝説によって説明する〈生来性犯罪人説〉を主張した。この学説は後にゴーリングC.Goringなどの研究によって否定されるに至ったが,ロンブローゾは犯罪人に関する実証的研究の先駆者として偉大な功績を残した。ロンブローゾ以降,犯罪原因として犯罪者の素質を重視する生物学的・精神医学的研究は,とくに20世紀前半のドイツとオーストリアを中心に,フィールンシュタインT.Viernstein,レンツA.Lenz,エクスナーF.Exner等による〈犯罪生物学〉として展開された。…

※「Goring,C.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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