codon

Japanese: codon
codon

…(3)Another difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNA is that most eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed as a long precursor molecule (thought to be heterogenous nuclear RNA) with special properties, and is completed through a process of splicing (see the transcription section of the Genetic Information entry for details). The completed mRNA binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and with the involvement of transfer RNA, it is translated into a sequence of amino acids in units of three bases (codons) (translation of genetic information). Unlike ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA, mRNA is metabolically unstable, and bacterial mRNA is usually decomposed within a few minutes. …

From the genetic code:

...The code used when the base sequence of a nucleic acid molecule carrying genetic information is translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein. The unit of the code is called a codon, and corresponds to the sequence of three adjacent bases in a nucleic acid molecule. Usually, this triplet is represented by three four-letter alphabetic sequence (A, U, G, C) that are the initials of the bases. ...

From [Genetic Information]


[Translation of genetic information]
Genetic information transcribed as the base sequence of mRNA is converted to a sequence of amino acids on the ribosome, a process called translation. Each three-base sequence on the mRNA is a unit that specifies one amino acid, and this unit of three bases is called a codon. tRNA is involved in the process of decoding a codon into an amino acid, and decoding is achieved when the three bases in the anticodon of the tRNA molecule complement each other and match with the three bases of the codon (see the transfer RNA section in the RNA entry).

From [Protein synthesis (protein synthesis)]

...Each type of protein molecule has a fixed amino acid sequence, and the information about the sequence order is written as a base sequence on genetic DNA. Information about one amino acid is written as a sequence of three adjacent bases (a triplet), and this sequence of three bases is called a codon. For example, if we consider a specific protein molecule species consisting of 100 amino acid residues, the sequence of 300 bases on genetic DNA is the genetic information that specifies the amino acid sequence of this protein. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "codon" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…(3)さらに真核生物のmRNAが原核生物のmRNAと異なる点は,その多くが,特別な性質をもつ長い前駆体分子(heterogenous nuclear RNAと考えられている)として転写され,スプライシングの過程を経て完成することにある(詳しくは〈遺伝情報〉の項目の転写の部分を参照)。完成されたmRNAは細胞質内でリボソームと結合し,転移RNAの関与のもとに,3塩基ずつの単位(コドンcodon)で,順次アミノ酸の配列に翻訳されていく(遺伝情報の翻訳)。mRNAはリボソームRNAや転位RNAとは異なり,代謝的に不安定であり,細菌のmRNAは通常数分間程度で分解される。…

【遺伝暗号】より

…遺伝情報を担う核酸分子の塩基配列がタンパク質のアミノ酸配列に翻訳される場合の暗号のこと。暗号の単位をコドンcodonといい,核酸分子の隣接する3個の塩基の配列に対応する。通常この三つ組(トリプレットtriplet)は,塩基の頭文字をとったアルファベットの4文字(A,U,G,C)を三つ並べて表記する。…

【遺伝情報】より


[遺伝情報の翻訳]
 mRNAの塩基配列として転写された遺伝情報は,リボソーム上でアミノ酸の配列にうつしかえられるが,この過程を翻訳translationという。mRNA上の3個の塩基配列が単位となって,1個のアミノ酸を指定しているが,この3塩基からなる単位をコドンcodonと呼ぶ。コドンをアミノ酸に解読する過程には,tRNAが関与し,tRNA分子のアンチコドンanticodon部位の3塩基が,コドンの3塩基と相補的な対合をすることで解読が成立する(〈RNA〉の項目の転移RNAの部分を参照)。…

【タンパク質合成(蛋白質合成)】より

…おのおのの種類のタンパク質分子は,定まったアミノ酸配列をもち,配列順序に関する情報は,遺伝子DNA上に塩基配列として書き込まれている。1個のアミノ酸に関する情報は,3個の隣り合った塩基配列(トリプレット)として書かれ,この3塩基の連なりをコドンcodonと呼ぶ。例えば,100個のアミノ酸残基よりなる特定のタンパク質分子種を考えた場合,遺伝子DNA上の300塩基の連なりの部分が,このタンパク質のアミノ酸配列を規定する遺伝情報になっている。…

※「codon」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  Codonophilus oxyrhynchaenus (English spelling)

>>:  codominant

Recommend

Valleran Le Comte (English spelling)

…After the ban on the performance of mythological...

Metal conduit wiring

…In homes, flat vinyl-sheathed cables are often u...

Calyx

A calyx is the outer ring of the perianth (hetero...

"Unification of the Catholic Church"

...When the question arose of whether to accept t...

Imperial edict - Shosho

It is the highest document issued by the Emperor....

Opportunism - opportunism English

Generally speaking, it refers to an attitude of n...

Salmonella - Salmonella

A genus of bacteria belonging to the family Enter...

Gleanings - Ochibohiroi

To gather up the leftover grain . Source: About Sh...

Basic blocks

...There are many types of hollow concrete blocks...

Stomoxys calcitrans (English name)

...A general term for insects belonging to the St...

Miyako Dance - Miyako Dance

A dance gathering for geisha from Gion, Kyoto. It...

Polarimeter - Henkoukei (English spelling) polarimeter

When linearly polarized light passes through certa...

Viscose rayon

Regenerated cellulose fiber made by spinning visc...

Nigihayahi-no-Mikoto

The ancestor of the Mononobe clan. The Mononobe cl...

Tanaka Totsugen

A painter from the late Edo period. Born in Nagoy...