[raw]? [Died] September 22, 1158. Morimont German scholastic philosopher, theologian, and historian. Born 1111-14. Son of Margrave Leopold III of Austria, half-brother of Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III, and uncle of Frederick I (Redbeard), he also had an influence on politics. In 1127/8 he studied in Paris, and in 1132/3 he returned to enter the Cistercian monastery of Morimont, becoming its abbot in 1138 and bishop of Freising. His Chronica sive historia de duobus civitatibus (Chronicle of Two Kingdoms), written in response to the crisis in the Christian world caused by the Investiture Controversy (→Investiture Controversy), and modeled on Augustine's City of God, is considered a masterpiece of Christian historiography in medieval Europe, and describes the rise and fall of the temporal, earthly, kingdom of the devil and the eternal, heavenly, kingdom of Christ through world history. He identified earthly nations with real empires, and while he saw the historical process of the spread of power and knowledge from the East to the West as a decline, he saw the empire since the conversion of Constantine I (the Great) as the history of the church in which two nations became one, and saw the Holy Roman Empire as the kingdom of God on earth. This chronicle dedicated to Frederick I lasts until 46, but was later continued by Otto von St. Blasien until 1209. Other works include "Gesta Friderici I", which deals with the history of the House of Hohenstaufen, especially Frederick I. Otto |
[生]? [没]1158.9.22. モリモン ドイツのスコラ哲学者,神学者,歴史家。生年は 1111~14年。オーストリア辺境伯レオポルト3世の子で,神聖ローマ皇帝コンラート3世の異母兄,フリードリヒ1世 (赤髯王)の叔父にあたり,政治にも影響を与えた。 1127/8年パリに遊学,32/3年に戻ってモリモンのシトー会修道院に入り,38年その院長になると同時にフライジングの司教となった。叙任権闘争 (→叙任権論争 ) によるキリスト教界の危機意識に立ち,アウグスチヌスの『神の国』を模範としながら書いた『二つの国の年代記 (二国論) 』 Chronica sive historia de duobus civitatibusは,中世ヨーロッパにおけるキリスト教的歴史叙述の傑作とされており,時の,地上の,悪魔の国と,永遠の,天上の,キリストの国の盛衰を世界史を通して描いている。地上の国を現実の帝国と同一視した彼は,力と知が東方から西方へ伝播した歴史的過程を衰退とみながら,コンスタンチヌス1世 (大帝) の改宗以来の帝国を,2つの国が1つになった教会の歴史とし,神聖ローマ帝国に地上の神の国をみている。フリードリヒ1世に捧げられたこの年代記は 46年までであるが,のちオットー・フォン・ザンクト=ブラジエンにより 1209年まで書継がれた。ほかにホーエンシュタウフェン家,なかんずくフリードリヒ1世の歴史を扱った"Gesta Friderici I"がある。 オットー
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