Scientist

Japanese: scientist
Scientist

… What is particularly noteworthy is that the term already refers to professional and professional research activities. In the UK, the word scientist was coined in the 1830s. This means that by that time, people had begun to make research their profession and to take it for granted that they would be paid for the time they spent on research. …

From a scientist

...This was due in large part to the wide-ranging activities of people who came together in various academic societies and academies for scientific research that were formed in Western countries during this period, as well as the changes in the outlook for nature and learning that were brought about by individual scientific achievements such as Copernicus's heliocentric theory, Galileo's theory of motion, Descartes' mechanical philosophy, and Newton's system of mechanics. Thus, for the first time in history, the "scientist's role" was established.
[The birth of scientists as professionals]
Although the role of scientists was established through the Scientific Revolution, until the early 19th century, most scientists did not make science their profession.

*Some terminology explanations that mention "scientist" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… とくに注目すべきは,専門的,職業的な研究活動にすでに言及されていることである。イギリスでは科学者に相当する単語scientistが1830年代になって造られている。これは,そのころから研究を職業とし,研究する時間に対して対価を払われることを当然と考える人間が現れてきたことを意味している。…

【科学者】より

…これには,コペルニクスの地動説,ガリレイの運動論,デカルトの機械論哲学,ニュートンの力学体系など,個々の科学的業績による自然観,学問観の変革とならんで,この時期,西欧各国で結成された科学研究のための各種の学会やアカデミーに結集した人々の幅広い活動がおおいにあずかって力があった。かくて,歴史上はじめて〈科学者の役割scientist’s role〉が確立されたのであった。
[専門職業人としての科学者の誕生]
 科学革命を通じて科学者の役割が確立されたとはいっても,19世紀初頭までの科学者の多くは,科学そのものを職業としていたわけではなかった。…

※「scientist」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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